Natal e o Ano Novo

1
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Joel: Olá, Rui!
Rui: Olá, Joel!
{{Joel: Hello, Rui!
Rui: Hello, Joel!}}

2
00:00:03,649 –> 00:00:07,710
Joel: Então tiveste um bom Natal?
Rui: Tive um grande Natal.
{{Joel: So you had a good Christmas?
Rui: I had a great Christmas.}}

3
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Joel: Mas eu ouvi falar que tu andas um pouco triste porque o Natal já acabou.
{{Joel: But I heard that you’re a little sad because Christmas is over.}}

4
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Rui: Sim, o Natal acabou mas este ano foi espetacular.
{{Rui: Yes, Christmas is over but this year was spectacular.}}

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E sabes por que é que foi espetacular?
Joel: Por quê?
{{And you know why it was spectacular?
Joel: Why?}}

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Rui: Porque eu parti a cabeça no dia de Natal.
Joel: Isso é uma expressão?
{{Rui: Because I split my head open on Christmas day.
Joel: Is this an expression?}}

7
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Rui: Não, eu realmente parti a cabeça.
Joel: Como?
{{Rui: No, I actually did split my head open.
Joel: How?}}

8
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Rui: No ginásio, com um ferro. Mas… em vez de trabalhar, fiquei em casa a recuperar e
{{Rui: At the gym, with a lifting bar. But… instead of working, I stayed at home recovering and}}

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pude passar um Natal com a minha família.
Joel: And Rui was actually pretty sad because since
{{was able to spend Christmas with my family.}}

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his head was split open, we weren’t able to record our special Christmas episode. And,

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instead of waiting until next year like I wanted to do, Rui wanted to just go ahead

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and do it anyways.
Rui: Sim.
{{Rui: Yes.}}

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Joel: So here we are.
Rui: Porque eu escrevi este episódio.
{{Rui: Because I wrote this episode.}}

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Joel: Mhm Mhm…
Rui: Íamos gravá-lo mas infelizmente aconteceu-me
{{Rui: We were going to record it but unfortunately I had}}

15
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isso à cabeça. Mas já estou melhor.
Joel: E mesmo que seja janeiro, vamos gravar o episódio
{{that head incident. But I’m already better.
Joel: And even if it’s January, let’s record the Christmas}}

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de Natal!
Rui: Um de janeiro de 2017 – Feliz Ano Novo!
{{episode!
Rui: One in January 2017 – Happy New Year!}}

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Joel: Woo hoo! So we’re gonna jump right into the episode,

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talk about Natal and o Ano Novo…
Rui: As tradições, as superstições…
{{talk about Christmas and the New Year.
Rui: The traditions, the superstitions…}}

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Joel: Traditions, superstitions…
Rui: As comidas…
{{Rui: The food…}}

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Joel: Ah… a parte mais importante.
Rui: Culinária, gastronomia… Acho que vai ser
{{Joel: Ah… the most important part.
Rui: Cooking, gastronomy… I think it’s going to be}}

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um bom episódio, mas vai nos deixar com água na boca.
{{a good episode, but it’s going to be a mouthwatering one.}}

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Joel: Isso é uma expressão?
Rui: Isso é uma expressão.
{{Joel: Is this an expression?
Rui: This is an expression.}}

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Joel: Não estás a falar de beber água?
Rui: Não, não. Quando ficas com água na boca
{{Joel: You’re not talking about drinking water?
Rui: No, no. When you get your mouth watering}}

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de ouvir falar em comida.
Joel: Ohhh… mouthwatering.
{{when you hear people talk about food.
Joel: Ohhh … mouthwatering.}}

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Rui: Sim.
Joel: Tal como os últimos episódios, Rui, tu vais
{{Rui: Yes.
Joel: Like the latest episodes, Rui, you will}}

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ler tudo seguido.
Rui: Sim, tudo seguido.
{{read it all at once.
Rui: Yes, all at once.}}

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Joel: E depois vamos falar de algum vocabulário.
Rui: Combinado. Eu aceito o desafio.
{{Joel: Then we’ll discuss some vocabulary.
Rui: Deal. I accept the challenge.}}

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Joel: Let’s go!
Portugal não tem uma religião oficial, mas
{{Portugal doesn’t have an official religion, but}}

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a maioria da sua população é cristã. Desta maioria, 81% é católica.
{{most of its population is Christian. And from these, 81% are Catholic.}}

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Em Portugal, a Igreja e o Estado estão formalmente separados, mas a Instituição Católica continua
{{In Portugal, the church and state are formally separate, but the Catholic institution continues}}

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a ter uma forte influência, especialmente na população mais velha.
{{to have a strong influence, especially in the older population.}}

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Ao longo dos anos, feriados religiosos, como o Natal, foram modificados e transformados
{{Over the years, religious holidays, such as Christmas, were modified and transformed}}

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em feriados culturais, especialmente entre os jovens adultos.
{{into cultural holidays, especially among young adults.}}

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Adaptado a uma sociedade de consumo, o Natal português não foi exceção, e rapidamente
{{Adapted to a consumer society, the Portuguese Christmas was no exception, and quickly}}

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se tornou num feriado comercial. No entanto, ainda é possível encontrar algumas tradições
{{became a commercial holiday. However, you can still find some old}}

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antigas, principalmente fora das grandes cidades. Desde há algumas décadas que os portugueses
{{traditions, especially outside the big cities. Since a few decades ago the Portuguese}}

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usam a árvore de Natal. No passado, quando esta apareceu, era coberta de enfeites de
{{have used the Christmas tree. In the past, when its use first began, it was covered with chocolate}}

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chocolate, presos por um cordel. Mais recentemente a figura do Pai Natal tornou-se
{{ornaments, hanging by strings. More recently the image of Santa Claus became}}

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popular e os pais começaram a contar aos filhos que o Menino Jesus ajuda o Pai Natal
{{popular and parents started telling their children that the baby Jesus helps Santa}}

40
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com os presentes, sendo que algumas famílias ainda montam o presépio com Maria, José,
{{with gifts, and some families still assemble the nativity scene with Mary, Joseph,}}

41
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a vaca e o burro, os Reis Magos e o Menino Jesus, para não abandonar completamente a
{{the cow and the donkey, the Three Wise Men and Baby Jesus, so they won’t completely abandon}}

42
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ligação da data à religião. A “Consoada” é o momento em que toda a família
{{the day’s connection to its religious roots. “Consoada” is the moment where all family}}

43
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se reúne. Para muitas famílias esta reunião começa muito mais cedo, às vezes dias antes,
{{gathers together. For many families this meeting begins much earlier, sometimes days before,}}

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de forma a que todos participem nos preparativos e ajudem a cozinhar.
{{so that all participate in the preparations and help with the cooking.}}

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As mulheres da família colocam na mesa a toalha de linho bordada, herdada da avó,
{{The family women set the embroidered linen tablecloths on the table, inherited from their grandmothers,}}

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guardada dentro de uma arca para ocasiões especiais, e a melhor louça, copos e castiçais.
{{kept inside a chest for special occasions, and the finest china, glassware and candlesticks.}}

47
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A refeição da “Consoada” geralmente consiste de bacalhau cozido, batatas e couve ou feijão
{{The “Consoada” or Christmas Eve meal usually consists of cooked cod, potatoes and collard greens or green}}

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verde, tudo regado com o melhor azeite. O segundo prato, que é servido muito mais
{{beans, all combined with the best olive oil. The second dish, which is served much}}

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tarde, consiste em polvo cozido acompanhado com arroz. No final, os doces são servidos,
{{later, consists of cooked octopus served with rice. In the end, the sweets are served,}}

50
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acompanhados por vinho do Porto. A variedade e a quantidade de sobremesas é geralmente
{{accompanied by Port Wine. The variety and amount of desserts is generally}}

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enorme. Entre os mais típicos estão o arroz doce
{{huge. Among the most typical ones are sweet rice}}

52
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com canela, as rabanadas ou fatias douradas, as broas de mel, os sonhos, as azevias, as
{{with cinnamon, French toast or golden slices, honey corn cakes, cream puffs, chickpea pastries,}}

53
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filhoses, a aletria e claro o bolo-rei. Depois, todos se divertem com jogos, anedotas
{{Portuguese donuts, sweet egg noodles, and of course the King Cake. Then everyone has fun with games, anecdotes}}

54
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e conversas. Antigamente era por volta desta altura que
{{and conversations. Formerly it was around this time that}}

55
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as crianças retiravam das lareiras as pinhas e comiam os pinhões. Mais tarde, iam para
{{children would get pine cones from the fireplaces and eat pine nuts. Later, they went to}}

56
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a cama, deixando um sapato pequenino junto à lareira, ou à chaminé, para que o menino
{{bed, leaving a tiny shoe by the fireplace or chimney, for the Baby}}

57
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Jesus pudesse deixar um único, mas muito especial, presente. Hoje em dia o menino Jesus
{{Jesus so he would leave there a single, but very special, gift. Nowadays Baby Jesus}}

58
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foi substituído pelo Pai Natal, e a lareira foi substituída pela árvore de Natal, e
{{has been replaced by Santa Claus, the fireplace by the Christmas tree, and}}

59
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esse único presente foi substituído por um monte de brinquedos.
{{the single gift has been replaced by a lot of toys.}}

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Apesar disso, em algumas famílias, os presentes ainda são abertos apenas na manhã do dia
{{Nevertheless, in some families, gifts are still open only in the morning of}}

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25. No entanto, as crianças mais crescidas ou as que não acreditam no Pai Natal abrem-nos
{{the 25th. However, older children or the ones who don’t believe in Santa open them}}

62
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na noite de 24. Em famílias mais religiosas, à meia-noite,
{{on the evening of the 24th. In more religious families, at midnight,}}

63
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os adultos assistem à tradicional Missa do Galo.
{{adults watch the traditional Rooster’s Mass.}}

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Tudo o que sobra do jantar é deixado sobre a mesa para mais tarde se comer durante a
{{All dinner leftovers are left on the table for later eating during}}

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ceia. E, dessa forma, de acordo com a tradição, os anjos podem também usar essa comida para
{{supper. And thus, according to tradition, angels can also use this food to}}

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se alimentarem. No dia 25, os portugueses normalmente visitam
{{feed themselves. On the 25th, the Portuguese usually visit}}

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amigos e familiares, e durante o almoço é comum comer um prato chamado “roupa velha”,
{{friends and family, and during lunch, a dish called “old clothes”, made with the evening’s leftovers}}

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feito com os restos da noite anterior. O dia é passado em família e uma vez mais a cozinhar
{{is commonly eaten. The day is spent with the family and once again cooking}}

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pratos típicos. O peru é obrigatório no jantar de Natal,
{{traditional dishes. Turkey is mandatory on Christmas dinner,}}

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assado e, em algumas casas, recheado com puré de castanhas. No fim do jantar comem-se os
{{roasted, and in some homes, stuffed with chestnut puree. By the end of dinner they eat}}

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doces novamente. Antigamente as famílias esperavam até ao
{{sweets again. In the past families used to wait until}}

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dia 6 de janeiro para comer o “Bolo-Rei”, pois foi nesta data que os Três Reis Magos
{{January 6th to eat the King Cake, because it was on this date that the Three Kings}}

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visitaram o menino Jesus. Este bolo tem a forma de uma coroa, é recheado com frutos
{{visited the baby Jesus. The cake is shaped like a crown, stuffed with dry}}

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secos e é coberto com frutas cristalizadas e pinhões. No seu interior podem encontrar-se
{{fruit and covered with candied fruit and pine nuts. Inside the cake one can find}}

75
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uma surpresa e uma fava. As tradições da véspera de Natal, e principalmente
{{a surprise gift and a fava bean. The Christmas Eve traditions , and especially}}

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os pratos que se comem nesse dia, diferem muito dependendo da região de Portugal.
{{the dishes eaten that day, differ greatly depending on the region of Portugal.}}

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Missa do Galo
A Missa do Galo, também conhecida como Missa
{{Rooster’s Mass
The Rooster’s Mass, also known as Midnight}}

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da Meia-Noite, é celebrada porque a tradição diz que Jesus nasceu à meia-noite. Para os
{{Mass, is celebrated because the tradition says Jesus was born at midnight. To the}}

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católicos romanos, este costume de assistir a esta missa começou no ano 400.
{{Roman Catholics, the custom of attending the Mass began in the year 400.}}

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Nos países latinos, esta missa é chamada de Missa do Galo, porque, segundo a lenda,
{{In Latin countries, this Mass is called Rooster’s Mass, because, according to legend,}}

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a única vez que um galo cantou à meia-noite foi na noite em que Jesus nasceu.
{{the only time a rooster crowed at midnight was the night where Jesus was born.}}

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Ano Novo e Superstições
Em Portugal, a Véspera de Ano Novo está
{{New Year and Superstitions
In Portugal, the New Year’s Eve is}}

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cheia de tradições e superstições. Assim como no Natal, a celebração começa com
{{full of traditions and superstitions. Such as Christmas, the celebration begins with}}

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um jantar em família, que inclui, mais uma vez, todos os doces desta época, seguindo-se
{{a family dinner, including, once again, all the seasonal sweets, followed by}}

85
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mais tarde a festa em si. Tradicionalmente, os portugueses não comem
{{the party itself later. Traditionally, the Portuguese do not eat}}

86
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carne de frango na última refeição do ano, porque diz-se que se o fizerem, a felicidade
{{poultry in the last meal of the year because it is said that if they do, happiness}}

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poderá voar como um pássaro no ano que aí vem.
{{might fly away like a bird in the upcoming year.}}

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Pelo contrário, o chocolate é altamente recomendado, pois atrai dinheiro. Para atrair
{{On the other hand, chocolate is highly recommended, since it brings money. To attract}}

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o dinheiro também se pode colocar uma folha de louro na carteira e deixá-la lá durante
{{money you can also put a bay leaf in your wallet and leave it there}}

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todo o ano novo. Já no Brasil, a tradição para atrair dinheiro
{{throughout the new year. In Brazil, the tradition said to attract money}}

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diz que se deve mastigar sete sementes de romã na véspera de Ano Novo, envolvê-las
{{tells you should chew seven pomegranate seeds on New Year’s Eve, wrap them}}

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num guardanapo e armazená-las na carteira. Os portugueses recebem o Ano Novo com álcool,
{{in a napkin and store them in your wallet. The Portuguese welcome the New Year with alcohol,}}

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de preferência vinho espumante, e nunca com água, seguindo a velha ideia de que o álcool
{{preferably sparkling wine, and never with water, following the old idea that alcohol}}

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traz vitalidade e saúde, como símbolo de vida. Para renovar a sua força, deve-se guardar
{{brings vitality and health, as a symbol of life. To renew your strength, you should save}}

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a rolha da garrafa e só mandá-la fora no ano seguinte.
{{the cork from the bottle and just throw it away the following year.}}

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A cor da roupa, especialmente da roupa interior, é algo que os portugueses escolhem cuidadosamente
{{The color of clothing, especially underwear, is something that the Portuguese choose carefully}}

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nesta noite. A cor é escolhida de acordo com o que as pessoas desejam para o ano novo.
{{that evening. The color is chosen according to what people wish for the new year.}}

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A meia-noite tem vários rituais. Um deles é subir para cima de uma cadeira, uns momentos antes,
{{Midnight has several rituals. One of them is to climb up on a chair, a moment before,}}

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com o pé direito, para simbolizar que se quer subir na vida, ao mesmo tempo que se
{{with the right foot, to symbolize going up in life, while simultaneously}}

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00:10:06,890 –> 00:10:14,240
agarra dinheiro, de forma a atrair riqueza. Depois, as famosas 12 passas, que são comidas
{{holding money in order to attract wealth. Then the famous 12 raisins, which are eaten}}

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00:10:14,240 –> 00:10:22,130
durante as 12 badaladas do relógio. Por cada badalada, come-se uma passa e pede-se um desejo.
{{during the 12 clock strikes. For each strike, one eats a raisin and makes a wish.}}

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Após se comerem as passas, pode-se atirar uma moeda ao ar ou saltar com o pé direito.
{{After eating the raisins, you can toss a coin or jump on your right foot.}}

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E por fim deve-se saltar da cadeira com o dinheiro ainda na mão, mais uma vez para
{{Finally one should jump from the chair with the money still in hand, once again to}}

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atrair riqueza. Influenciados pelos povos ibéricos, à meia-noite,
{{attract wealth. Influenced by Iberian people, at midnight,}}

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até os mexicanos pedem desejos enquanto comem as 12 passas e se abraçam, entre votos de
{{even the Mexicans make their wishes while eating the 12 raisins and hug each other, while wishing}}

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um feliz ano novo. Há também quem acredite que à meia-noite se deve saltar três vezes com uma taça de champanhe na mão, sem derramá-lo, e depois atirar a bebida para trás das costas sem olhar, para deixar para trás todos os problemas que aconteceram. Se alguém é atingido neste processo, não há problema pois também arranjámos uma superstição para essa eventualidade: essas pessoas são supostas ter boa sorte
{{for a happy new year. There are also those who believe that at midnight one should jump three times with a glass of champagne in hand, without spilling it, and then throw the drink behind them without looking, to leave behind all the problems that happened. If the drink spills over someone else in the process, there’s no problem because there’s also a superstition for that possibility: these people are supposed to have good luck}}

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00:11:19,220 –> 00:11:23,850
durante todo o ano. Estas superstições sobre tocar em dinheiro
{{throughout the whole year. These superstitions about touching money}}

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são muito velhas. Algumas datam do século XIX.
{{are very old. Some date back to the nineteenth century.}}

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Atrair riqueza parece ser uma prioridade, pelo que as superstições não terminam por aqui.
{{Attracting wealth seems to be a priority, so the superstitions do not end there.}}

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Algumas pessoas aconselham a colocar uma nota no sapato direito durante a passagem do ano
{{Some people advise putting a bill inside the right shoe for the New Year}}

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e até mesmo fazer a primeira compra do ano com essa nota, de acordo com a crença oriental
{{and even making the first purchase of the year with this bill, according to the oriental belief}}

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de que a energia entra no corpo através dos pés, atraindo mais riqueza com este ritual.
{{that energy enters the body through the feet, attracting more wealth through this ritual.}}

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00:11:58,320 –> 00:12:03,890
Também é aconselhável fazer a contagem regressiva com dinheiro nos bolsos, porque
{{It is also advisable to spend the countdown with money inside your pockets, because}}

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00:12:03,890 –> 00:12:09,830
se eles estão vazios, este estado pode ser prolongado durante todo o ano novo.
{{if they are empty, this situation can be prolonged throughout the new year.}}

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00:12:09,830 –> 00:12:15,290
A escolha da roupa também é muito importante nesta noite. Alguns portugueses, antes das
{{The choice of clothing is also very important that night. Some Portuguese, before the}}

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comemorações começarem, fazem a sua cama com lençóis novos, para que possam ser felizes
{{celebrations begin, make their beds with fresh sheets, so they can be happy}}

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na sua vida amorosa durante o próximo ano. O mesmo para a roupa interior: se for nova
{{in their love lives over the next year. Same for underwear: if new}}

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irá atrair o amor e boa sorte. No entanto em relação à cor desta o consenso é difícil
{{it will bring love and good luck. However regarding its color the consensus is difficult}}

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de encontrar. Alguns argumentam que a roupa interior deve ser azul e alguns que deve
{{to reach. Some argue that the New Year underwear should be blue and some that it should}}

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ser vermelha. Supostamente azul traz boa sorte, vermelho
{{be red. Blue supposedly brings good luck, red}}

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traz amor, amarelo traz dinheiro, branco traz paz, verde traz saúde e castanho vai melhorar
{{brings love, yellow brings money, white brings peace, green bring health and brown improves}}

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a sua carreira profissional. A roupa não deve ser apertada e não deve ter buracos
{{your professional career. Clothes should not be tight or have holes}}

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ou rasgões, para não atrair problemas financeiros. Em alguns lugares de Portugal, a tradição
{{or tears, to avoid attracting financial problems. In some places in Portugal, tradition}}

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diz que, à meia-noite, se deve correr para a janela e fazer tanto barulho quanto se puder
{{says that at midnight, you should run to the window and make as much noise as if you can}}

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usando tampas de panelas. Esta tradição de fazer barulho é uma das
{{using saucepan lids. This tradition of making noise is one of the}}

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mais antigas e mais enraizadas superstições do mundo e tem como intenção afugentar os
{{oldest and most rooted superstitions of the world and its purpose is to scare off}}

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espíritos malignos e os fantasmas que assombraram o ano anterior. Acredita-se que tenha origens
{{evil spirits and ghosts that haunted the previous year. It is believed that its origins}}

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anteriores ao Império Romano. Em Lisboa, durante os anos 50 e 60, houve
{{precede the Roman Empire. In Lisbon, during the 50s and 60s, there was}}

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no entanto uma tradição que foi proibida. Nessa época, na noite de fim de ano, as pessoas
{{however a tradition that has been banned. At that time, on New Years Eve, people}}

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atiravam pratos e vasos velhos pela janela, no entanto o ritual causava tanto caos que
{{would throw old plates and pots out the window, however the ritual caused so much chaos that}}

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teve de terminar. Ainda assim é aconselhável ter a casa limpa no início do ano e livre
{{it had to end. Yet it is advisable to have the house cleaned at the beginning of the year and free}}

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de lixo, objetos antigos e desnecessários, para afastar as energias negativas do ano
{{of garbage, old and unnecessary objects, to ward off the negative energies of the previous}}

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anterior. O primeiro dia do ano também deve começar
{{year. The first day of the year should also start}}

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sem qualquer tipo de discussão familiar ou entre um casal, porque os portugueses acreditam
{{without any kind of family or couple arguments, because the Portuguese believe}}

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que se assim não for, então as discussões vão continuar ao longo do ano.
{{that otherwise, the arguing will continue throughout the year.}}

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Algumas destas tradições têm centenas de anos, e todas elas são destinadas a trazer
{{Some of these traditions have hundreds of years, and they are all designed to bring}}

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boa sorte para o ano que começa. E mesmo que a maioria das pessoas saiba que
{{good luck for the coming year. And even though most people know that}}

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elas são apenas superstições, não custa conhecê-las e segui-las. Isso torna a festa
{{they are just superstitions, it takes no effort to know them and follow them. This makes the party}}

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mais engraçada e dá a todos esperança. Afinal de contas “ano novo, vida nova”!
{{funnier and gives everyone hope. After all “new year, new life”!}}

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Joel: E episódio de podcast novo… bam!
Rui: Bam, bam bam bam!
{{Joel: And new podcast episode… bam!
Rui: Bam, bam bam bam!}}

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Joel: Está feito! But we’re not done yet, because now we’re

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going to rewind it all the way back and break it down into smaller sections so that we can

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then check out some of the vocabulary. What do you think?

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Rui: I agree with you.
Joel: Que formal!
{{Joel: How formal!}}

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Rui: I think it’s useful.
Portugal não tem uma religião oficial, mas
{{Portugal doesn’t have an official religion, but}}

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a maioria da sua população é cristã. Desta maioria, 81% é católica.
{{most of its population is Christian. And from these, 81% are Catholic.}}

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Em Portugal, a Igreja e o Estado estão formalmente separados, mas a Instituição Católica continua
{{In Portugal, the church and state are formally separate, but the Catholic institution continues}}

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a ter uma forte influência, especialmente na população mais velha.
{{to have a strong influence, especially in the older population.}}

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Ao longo dos anos, feriados religiosos, como o Natal, foram modificados e transformados
{{Over the years, religious holidays, such as Christmas, were modified and transformed}}

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em feriados culturais, especialmente entre os jovens adultos.
{{into cultural holidays, especially among young adults.}}

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Adaptado a uma sociedade de consumo, o Natal português não foi exceção, e rapidamente
{{Adapted to a consumer society, the Portuguese Christmas was no exception, and quickly}}

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se tornou num feriado comercial. No entanto, ainda é possível encontrar algumas tradições
{{became a commercial holiday. However, you can still find some old}}

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antigas, principalmente fora das grandes cidades. Desde há algumas décadas que os portugueses
{{traditions, especially outside the big cities. Since a few decades ago the Portuguese}}

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usam a árvore de Natal. No passado, quando esta apareceu, era coberta de enfeites de
{{have used the Christmas tree. In the past, when its use first began, it was covered with chocolate}}

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chocolate, presos por um cordel. Mais recentemente a figura do Pai Natal tornou-se
{{ornaments, hanging by strings. More recently the image of Santa Claus became}}

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popular e os pais começaram a contar aos filhos que o Menino Jesus ajuda o Pai Natal
{{popular and parents started telling their children that the baby Jesus helps Santa}}

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com os presentes, sendo que algumas famílias ainda montam o presépio com Maria, José,
{{with gifts, and some families still assemble the nativity scene with Mary, Joseph,}}

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a vaca e o burro, os Reis Magos e o Menino Jesus, para não abandonar completamente a
{{the cow and the donkey, the Three Wise Men and baby Jesus, so they won’t completely abandon}}

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ligação da data à religião. A “Consoada” é o momento em que toda a família
{{the day’s connection to its religious roots. “Consoada” is the moment where all family}}

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se reúne. Para muitas famílias esta reunião começa muito mais cedo, às vezes dias antes,
{{gathers together. For many families this meeting begins much earlier, sometimes days before,}}

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de forma a que todos participem nos preparativos e ajudem a cozinhar.
{{so that all participate in the preparations and help with the cooking.}}

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As mulheres da família colocam na mesa a toalha de linho bordada, herdada da avó,
{{The family women set the embroidered linen tablecloths on the table, inherited from their grandmothers,}}

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guardada dentro de uma arca para ocasiões especiais, e a melhor louça, copos e castiçais.
{{kept inside a chest for special occasions, and the finest china, glassware and candlesticks.}}

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Joel: So Rui… I used to always mix up two very similar words in Portuguese: “férias” and “feriados”.

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Rui: Oh… because they seem the same, right? One comes from the other. For us, “feriado” is

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those legal days that people don’t have to work, like your holiday.

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Joel: Right… statutory holiday, I think we say.
Rui: Yeah… we have I think 13 – I don’t want

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to make a mistake – I’m not sure but I think it’s 13.

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Joel: Sounds good to me.
Rui: Those are the legal dates, like the 1st of

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January, the 25th of December… you know… And then there are – I think there are worldwide

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holidays. There are those holidays that are only for Portugal.

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And then there are holidays that only happen in Lisbon.

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Joel: So for all of those we use the word “feriados”, right?

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Rui: “Feriados”.
Joel: Or one day is “feriado”. “Amanhã é feriado”,

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00:18:46,379 –> 00:18:47,379
right?
Rui: Uhm uhm.

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Joel: And then for vacations…
Rui: That’s “férias”.

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Joel: Yeah, “férias”. So you can have your “férias de verão”…

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Rui: Yeah… it’s that period in which you’re out of work – a long period. And for us,

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holidays and vacations are the same… we just use the word “férias”, right? While for you

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holidays is the period in which you don’t work. For us it’s the same, holidays and

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vacations. It’s all “férias”. “Férias, estou de férias”.

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Joel: So later in this first section we go on to talk about “enfeites de chocolate”.

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Rui: Oh… in the sentence “No passado, quando esta apareceu, era coberta de enfeites de chocolate”.

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Joel: Yeah… so it’s covered in “something” of chocolate.

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Rui: Ornaments.
Joel: Ornaments.

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Rui: Yeah… “enfeitar” is to garnish, or embellish.
Joel: Oh… there’s a verb there too.

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Rui: Yeah… “enfeitar”. And “enfeites” is the objects you use to “enfeitar”, to embellish something.

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Joel: So then those things on the Christmas tree can also be “enfeites”?

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Rui: “Enfeites de Natal”, yeah.
Joel: Christmas ornaments.

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Rui: And, in the past, like when I was young, I still saw them but I think it’s more from

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my parents’ generation. Instead of having these shiny, beautiful Christmas ornaments

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for the tree…
Joel: “Enfeites”?

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Rui: … we used to have just pieces of chocolate hanging on the tree, but covered in, in…

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Joel: Like tin foil?
Rui: Tin foil… yeah.

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Joel: I think we kind of have those but it’s not as common.

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Rui: And we would eat them at the end of the Christmas.
Joel: Would you ever eat them before Christmas?

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Rui: Well, yeah… as a child you would steal one or two.

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And these “enfeites de chocolate”, they were “presos por um cordel”.

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Joel: “Cordel”…
Rui: I think in English it’s twine? Like a really

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thin rope.
Joel: Oh… ok. So “cordel” – twine.

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Rui: Yeah… twine. It comes from the word rope actually, “corda”.

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Joel: I suppose the plural of “cordel” would be “cordéis”?

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Rui: Yes. And “corda” is a very thick “cordel”. And then “cordel” is like a very, very tiny

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version of that, that you can use to hang stuff, like ornaments.

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Joel: And then later we talk about the families mounting the thing with “Maria, José, a

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vaca e o burro”, so that must be the nativity scene.

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Rui: Yeah… is that common in Canada?
Joel: Oh, yeah.

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Rui: Leaving that beside the tree?
Joel: Yeah… So the Portuguese word is “presépio”. “Presépio”.

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Rui: “Presépio”.
Joel: Yeah… there’s a little accent on that second

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“e” that we have to emphasize.
Rui: “Presépio”.

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Joel: “Presépio”.
Rui: And the s sounds like a “zzz”.

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Joel: And then a “Consoada”…
Rui: “Consoada” is the word we use for the special

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Christmas dinner, so it just means the Christmas dinner.

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And some people call it “ceia de Natal” because the dinner goes ‘til so late that sometimes

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it becomes a supper. Because you start eating early but then you have more than one dish

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and you end up… you finish the dinner…
Joel: At like midnight.

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Rui: Yeah.
Joel: So “Consoada”. And then we’ve got the “toalha

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de linho bordada, herdada da avó” – what’s the word “herdada”?

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Rui: Inherited.
Joel: So the verb is “herdar”?

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Rui: “Herdar”.
Joel: Ok.

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Rui: And the word is “herança”.
Joel: And you wouldn’t know it listening to an

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audio podcast but “herdar” starts with an h.

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Rui: H.
Joel: Silent h in Portuguese. “Herdada”. I’m always

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tempted to pronounce the h, to give an extra little breath there.

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Rui: “Herdada”?
Joel: Yeah, but that’s totally incorrect. You

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never want to hear an h at the beginning of a word in Portuguese.

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And that “toalha” – towel – is “guardada dentro de uma arca”.

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Rui: This one is easy, it’s “ark”.
Joel: Yeah.

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Rui: Like… where you keep all those old towels and special things. “Arca de Noé”.

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Joel: What’s that?
Rui: Noah’s Ark.

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Joel: Right… that makes sense. And then finally, for this special occasion, everybody uses their

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“melhor louça” – or you can say “loiça”, right? –, “copos e castiçais”.

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Rui: “Castiçais”.
Joel: What’s that?

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Rui: It’s the candles… candle holders.
Joel: Oh… or candlesticks.

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Rui: Candlesticks.
Joel: Stuff where you stick candles.

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Rui: Yeah… like… the real valuable ones are made of silver, and people used to really appreciate

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them.
Joel: So all this stuff sits in the…

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Rui: “Arca”.
Joel: … “arca” the whole year around until…

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Rui: Christmas. Special occasions. Like the silverware, the good glasses, the good towels.

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[Let’s go onto Section 2.]
A refeição da “Consoada” geralmente consiste
{{The “Consoada” or Christmas Eve meal usually consists}}

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de bacalhau cozido, batatas e couve ou feijão verde, tudo regado com o melhor azeite.
{{of cooked cod, potatoes and collard greens or green beans, all combined with the best olive oil.}}

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O segundo prato, que é servido muito mais tarde, consiste em polvo cozido acompanhado
{{The second dish, which is served much later, consists of cooked octopus served}}

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com arroz. No final, os doces são servidos, acompanhados por vinho do Porto. A variedade
{{with rice. In the end, the sweets are served accompanied by Port Wine. The variety and}}

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e a quantidade de sobremesas é geralmente enorme.
{{amount of desserts is generally huge.}}

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Entre os mais típicos estão o arroz doce com canela, as rabanadas ou fatias douradas,
{{Among the most typical ones are sweet rice with cinnamon, French toast or golden slices,}}

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as broas de mel, os sonhos, as azevias, as filhoses, a aletria e claro o bolo-rei.
{{honey corn cakes, cream puffs, chickpea pastries, Portuguese donuts, sweet egg noodles, and of course the King Cake.}}

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Depois todos se divertem com jogos, anedotas e conversas.
{{Then everyone has fun with games, anecdotes and conversations.}}

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Antigamente era por volta desta altura que as crianças retiravam das lareiras as pinhas
{{Formerly it was around this time that children would get pine cones from the fireplaces}}

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e comiam os pinhões. Mais tarde, iam para a cama, deixando um sapato pequenino junto
{{and eat pine nuts. Later, they went to bed, leaving a tiny shoe by}}

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à lareira, ou à chaminé, para que o menino Jesus pudesse deixar um único, mas muito
{{the fireplace or chimney, for the baby Jesus so he would leave there a single, but very}}

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especial presente. Hoje em dia, o menino Jesus foi substituído pelo Pai Natal, e a lareira
{{special, gift. Nowadays baby Jesus has been replaced by Santa Claus, the fireplace}}

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foi substituída pela árvore de Natal, e esse único presente foi substituído por
{{by the Christmas tree, and the single gift has been replaced by}}

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um monte de brinquedos. Apesar disso, em algumas famílias, os presentes
{{a lot of toys. Nevertheless, in some families, gifts are still}}

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ainda são abertos apenas na manhã do dia 25. No entanto as crianças mais crescidas
{{open only in the morning of the 25th. However, older children}}

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ou as que não acreditam no Pai Natal abrem-nos na noite de 24.
{{or the ones who don’t believe in Santa open them on the evening of the 24th.}}

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Joel: Mmmm… this sounds good. So all the food is “regado com o melhor azeite”.

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Rui: Sim. “Regado” is… “Regar” means to water, and I don’t know if you do that in English

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but we use that same verb whenever you pour something else. It doesn’t have to be water.

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In this case the things were watered with the best olive oil.

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Joel: And of course most of the time I see that verb used for watering plants – “regar”.

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Rui: Yeah… “regar”. But whenever you want to be visual and descriptive…

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Joel: So it implies that there’s like a whole lot, there’s a lot, because you’re just

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watering it as if it was a plant with lots…

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Rui: Except you don’t just sprinkle with olive oil…

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Joel: It’s like soaking it in olive oil.
Rui: Yeah… you soak it. [Soik] it?

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Joel: Soak… yeah. And that’s why a lot of estrangeiros gostamos de Portugal por causa do “azeite”.

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Rui: Azeite e bacalhau. Whenever you order them together you know it’s almost like a soup,

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in olive oil.
Joel: Ahh… and “alho” – garlic. Then I can’t

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remember if we’ve talked about this in a previous episode, but “polvo cozido”…

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Rui: “Polvo” – you know what it is, right?
Joel: Yeah… I’m still trying to get used to the

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flavor of it and the texture, but it’s octopus, right? “Polvo”.

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Rui: Octopus, that we eat a lot of, so you need to get used to that.

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Joel: Humm Humm…
Rui: With all the… how do you call the…

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Joel: The tentacles.
Rui: Tentacles with the… each tentacle has a lot

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of…
Joel: … of little suction cuppy-things? I don’t

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know what is the name of that… I’m sure we’ll get emails, just like from the last

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episode I couldn’t remember the word for hoof, for the “pés de cabra” – hoof. But

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now everyone’s going to send us emails telling us what the word is for octopus’ suction cups.

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Rui: Nós chamamos “ventosas”, as ventosas. Well anyway…

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Joel: Anyway…
Rui: “Polvo cozido” is cooked octopus, well… boiled,

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because you know how we use “cozer” for cook with water.

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Joel: Yeah… boil.
Rui: “Batatas cozidas” are “boiled potatoes”.

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And then we’re not going to describe all of the desserts because there’s so much

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vocabulary there, but there’s a couple things that I wanted to talk about. “As rabanadas

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ou fatias douradas” – are those two separate things or are they related?

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Rui: They’re the same. “Rabanada ou fatia dourada”, it’s just some people say “rabanada”, some

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people say “fatia dourada”. And it’s interesting that you chose this one because I think it’s

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the only one that you have in North America, from all the sweets, these are the French

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toasts that you… you actually eat them in North America.

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Joel: I wonder if they actually come from France. French toast.

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Rui: Probably.
Joel: I don’t know, because I heard somewhere

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that French fries don’t come from France.
Rui: Well… that’s a very big fight between France

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and Belgium, because the Belgians… they claim the French fries as theirs.

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Joel: And just to make it relevant to Portuguese that’s “batata[s] frita[s]”, right? French

295
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fries.
Rui: Yes. So I don’t know if you guys eat French

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toast for Christmas? Is that typical for Christmas or something…

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Joel: It’s kind of a breakfast thing.
Rui: Oh… with cinnamon and sugar?

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Joel: Oh yeah… and maple syrup if you’re in Canada. Or Aunt Jemima’s fake table syrup if you’re

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anywhere else.
Rui: Well, it’s good enough.

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Joel: It’s different. Corn syrup deliciousness.
Rui: For us it’s Christmas… it’s a Christmas

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delight.
Joel: And next we have two related words: “pinhas”

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and “pinhões”.
Rui: Which all of them come from the tree “pinheiro”

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– pine tree.
Joel: Ok… so I guess now we have three words that

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we have to remember – “pinheiro”…
Rui: “Pinhas” and “pinhões”. So the “pinheiro”

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has the “pinhas”…
Joel: Pine cones?

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Rui: Pine cones… and the “pinhas” contain the “pinhões” – the pine nut.

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Joel: And so now that we already have three words, dare I ask what the pine needles are that

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come off of the “pinheiro”?
Rui: Er… I believe we say… we use the same word

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as you guys – needles, “agulhas” – so “as agulhas dos pinheiros”.

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Joel: Ah… so I was hoping it would be another “pinha” word.

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Rui: No, agulhas.
[Let’s keep going.]

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Em famílias mais religiosas, à meia-noite, os adultos assistem à tradicional Missa do
{{In more religious families, at midnight, adults watch the traditional Rooster’s}}

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Galo. Tudo o que sobra do jantar é deixado sobre
{{Mass. All dinner leftovers are left on}}

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a mesa para mais tarde se comer durante a ceia. E dessa forma, de acordo com a tradição,
{{the table for later eating during supper. And thus, according to tradition,}}

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os anjos podem também usar essa comida para se alimentarem.
{{angels can also use this food to feed themselves.}}

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No dia 25, os portugueses normalmente visitam amigos e familiares, e durante o almoço é
{{On the 25th, the Portuguese usually visit friends and family, and during lunch a dish}}

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comum comer um prato chamado “roupa velha”, feito com os restos da noite anterior. O dia
{{called “old clothes” made with the evening’s leftovers, is commonly eaten. The day}}

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é passado em família e uma vez mais a cozinhar pratos típicos.
{{is spent with the family and once again cooking traditional dishes.}}

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O peru é obrigatório no jantar de Natal, assado e, em algumas casas, recheado com puré
{{Turkey is mandatory on Christmas dinner, roasted, and in some homes, stuffed with chestnut}}

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de castanhas. No fim do jantar comem-se os doces novamente.
{{puree. By the end of dinner they eat sweets again.}}

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Antigamente as famílias esperavam até ao dia 6 de janeiro para comer o “Bolo-Rei”,
{{In the past families used to wait until January 6th to eat the King Cake,}}

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pois foi nesta data que os Três Reis Magos visitaram o menino Jesus. Este bolo tem a
{{because it was on this date that the Three Kings visited the baby Jesus. The cake is}}

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forma de uma coroa, é recheado com frutos secos e é coberto com frutas cristalizadas
{{shaped like a crown, stuffed with dry fruit and covered with candied fruit and pine}}

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e pinhões. No seu interior podem encontrar-se uma surpresa e uma fava.
{{nuts. Inside the cake one can find a surprise gift and a fava bean.}}

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As tradições da véspera de Natal, e principalmente os pratos que se comem nesse dia, diferem
{{The Christmas Eve traditions , and especially the dishes eaten that day, differ greatly}}

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muito dependendo da região de Portugal.
{{depending on the region of Portugal.}}

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Missa do Galo
A Missa do Galo, também conhecida como Missa da Meia-Noite, é celebrada porque a tradição
{{Rooster’s Mass
The Rooster’s Mass, also known as Midnight Mass, is celebrated because}}

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diz que Jesus nasceu à meia-noite. Para os católicos romanos, este costume de assistir
{{the tradition says Jesus was born at midnight. To the Roman Catholics, the custom of attending}}

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a esta missa começou no ano 400. Nos países latinos, esta Missa é chamada
{{the Mass began in the year 400. In Latin countries, this Mass is called}}

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de Missa do Galo, porque, segundo a lenda, a única vez que um galo cantou à meia-noite
{{Rooster’s Mass, because, according to legend, the only time a rooster crowed at midnight}}

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foi na noite em que Jesus nasceu.
Joel: This is probably what everybody has in their
{{was the night where Jesus was born.}}

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fridge right now – “sobras”.
Rui: “Sobras de comida” means leftovers, and if

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you say it in another context, like the context of the text “tudo que sobra” – everything

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that…
Joel: … is left.

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Rui: Is left… yeah.
Joel. – So “sobrar” is the infinitive verb…

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Rui: “Sobrar”.
Joel: … and you can use it as a noun: “sobras”.

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Rui: Yeah… we have it as a verb. You don’t, right? “Sobrar” for us is… how would you say that

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in English? In the verb…
Joel: To be left over, I guess.

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Rui: To be left over… yeah… and “sobras” is leftovers. But we have another word, and actually that

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other word is used in the same text. “Os restos”.

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Rui: Humm hum… it means the same because “restos”, I think in English, it’s the remainders.

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Joel: The remains.
Rui: The remains.

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Joel: That almost sounds like a corpse, the remains…

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Rui: Because in Portuguese “restos” is also used for that. “Os restos da guerra”…

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Joel: You can use it for scraps too, right? Like “os restos de porco”, if you have, that they

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put in sausages and stuff, or no?
Rui: As well. “Os restos dos bolos” – do you

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know there’s a “bolo” made out of “restos dos outros bolos” while they’re being baked.

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Joel: Wow… it’s like a sausage cake!
Rui: Have you seen that? It’s like a chocolate

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pyramid, like a cone, a pyramid cone.
Joel: I think so… yeah… yeah.

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Rui: And that cake is made of “restos de outros bolos”. And when I was a kid I always thought

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that it was the leftovers that the owner of the restaurant would pick up from the tables

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after people eating the cakes. So I would always be disgusted by that cake

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until I realized as a grown-up that when my mum said “restos” she was talking about the

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“restos” from the… like… the process of baking the cakes.

355
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Joel: Right… like those little pieces they cut off to make them nice looking.

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Rui: Yeah… but I didn’t understand it as a child and no-one explained to me so I never tried

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that cake. I thought it was literally the leftovers from the tables.

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Joel: I don’t think that would pass the health code.

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Rui: I didn’t know, I was a child.
Joel: And then we’re talking about the “peru”,

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the turkey, which is “recheado com puré de castanhas”.

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Rui: Filled.
Joel: “Recheado”.

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Rui: Filled. And “recheio” is filling.
Joel: And there’s a… I guess this is the past

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participle of the verb “rechear”.
Rui: “Rechear”. In this verb “rechear”, the

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second e sounds like [reche*i*ar]. It’s not [rech*e*ar].

365
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Joel: Oh! A little twist there. “Rechear”.
Rui: “Rechear”.

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Joel: Just one of those little pronunciation exceptions that come up. Oh, and we might as well mention

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that “castanhas” are what?
Rui: Chestnuts.

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Joel: Chestnuts.
Rui: Which we love in Portugal.

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Joel: Yeah… this is the time of the year where you see them roasting in the streets.

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Rui: Is it? Wasn’t it… No, it’s a little bit earlier. Well…

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Joel: I saw them yesterday.
Rui: That’s true… the entire winter you have

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them but they are typical from that season… “São Martinho”.

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Joel: Sometimes I’m walking in the street and I’m coming around a corner, and I see a

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bunch of smoke and I think, ‘Oh, there must be a fire’, but it’s just that the people

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who have those little carts roasting the chestnuts on the sidewalk. They make so much smoke that

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it…
Rui: And you buy them?

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Joel: Sometimes. They’re good.
Rui: One Euro.

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Joel: They’re a little bit dry though.
Rui: Well… sometimes we take them home and we eat

379
00:36:05,050 –> 00:36:09,370
them with butter.
Joel: Yeah… you guys need more sauces in your traditional

380
00:36:09,370 –> 00:36:12,320
Portuguese foods.
Rui: In any food. We don’t use as much sauces

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as you do.
Joel: Yeah.

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Rui: I mean… even sandwiches, for you they are all dry, ‘cause they lack mayonnaise.

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Joel: And this one I’m not sure about. We’re talking about a “bolo” that has the shape

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of a “coroa”.
Rui: Yeah… like a “crown”.

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Joel: Oh… that like a King would have or a Queen.
Rui: Well… exactly. The “Bolo-Rei”, I think the

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00:36:36,380 –> 00:36:42,740
shape of it is meant to resemble a crown with all the fruits, the crystallized fruits, on

387
00:36:42,740 –> 00:36:49,310
top of it, but it’s more like a doughnut. But I think you have to imagine it’s a crown

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00:36:49,310 –> 00:36:55,150
that a King would have, with all those colorful fruits, spiking from the cake.

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Joel: Yeah. If our listeners haven’t seen one of these “Bolos-Rei” before – well… is the

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plural “Bolos-Reis” or “Bolo-Reis” or “Bolo-Rei”?

391
00:37:03,300 –> 00:37:06,300
Rui: “Bolos-Rei”.
Joel: “Bolos-Rei”. If you haven’t seen one of

392
00:37:06,300 –> 00:37:10,200
these before, just Google it because they are a pretty interesting-looking cake. Just

393
00:37:10,200 –> 00:37:13,400
so you know what we’re talking about.
Rui: And that’s also something you are trying

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00:37:13,400 –> 00:37:16,329
to get used, right? Because they are drier than your fruit cake?

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00:37:16,329 –> 00:37:21,070
Joel: I like it though, because you have that fruit, and it’s really sweet, and it’s good.

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Rui: It’s more like a bread… That one’s easy to get used to. It’s kind

397
00:37:24,730 –> 00:37:27,550
of like a fruit cake with larger chunks of fruit.

398
00:37:27,550 –> 00:37:30,770
Rui: And we have the “Bolo-Rainha” – you remember the difference?

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00:37:30,770 –> 00:37:34,670
Joel: No.
Rui: “Bolo-Rainha” is without fruit – it just

400
00:37:34,670 –> 00:37:38,500
has nuts.
Joel: Oh… so the Queen is nuts…

401
00:37:38,500 –> 00:37:42,280
Rui: Yeah.
Joel: And in the inside of – are we still talking

402
00:37:42,280 –> 00:37:44,940
about the “Bolo-Rei” in this section?
Rui: We are.

403
00:37:44,940 –> 00:37:50,540
Joel: There’s a “fava”.
Rui: There’s a surprise, and there’s a “fava”.

404
00:37:50,540 –> 00:38:00,740
The surprise is just a… like a little metallic gift, like an image of a soldier or a little

405
00:38:00,740 –> 00:38:06,270
car. Like a really tiny, tiny metal figure. And “fava” – I think you have this word

406
00:38:06,270 –> 00:38:07,930
in English – fava bean?
Joel: Yeah.

407
00:38:07,930 –> 00:38:09,920
Rui: Fava bean?
Joel: I think so.

408
00:38:09,920 –> 00:38:15,180
Rui: Like a big, green bean? We have a very delicious Portuguese dish with

409
00:38:15,180 –> 00:38:20,910
“favas” and “chouriço” – it’s so good.
Joel: But wait, in this cake they just stick a bean

410
00:38:20,910 –> 00:38:24,130
in there or is there a little present that they call a…

411
00:38:24,130 –> 00:38:29,960
Rui: They have the present and they have the bean. If you get the bean you need to pay the cake

412
00:38:29,960 –> 00:38:33,470
of next year.
Joel: Oh… ok. So there’s two things in the cake.

413
00:38:33,470 –> 00:38:39,609
Rui: Yes. And if you get the … But you know what, recently – I remember this as a child… all

414
00:38:39,609 –> 00:38:44,920
“Bolo-Rei”… all “Bolos-Rei”, would have these – and recently I don’t remember, and we

415
00:38:44,920 –> 00:38:50,390
have been eating “Bolo-Rei”, but I don’t remember anyone getting a “fava” or a present.

416
00:38:50,390 –> 00:38:54,910
Joel: I’ve never seen them, so if you buy a “Bolo” from the “pastelaria”…

417
00:38:54,910 –> 00:38:58,690
Rui: They are supposed to have these two things but I don’t think they put them anymore.

418
00:38:58,690 –> 00:39:01,000
Because now that I’m thinking about it…
Joel: I think I’m going to go complain.

419
00:39:01,000 –> 00:39:07,079
Rui: Yeah, because… I remember as a kid it used to be so, so exciting to see who would get

420
00:39:07,079 –> 00:39:11,660
the present and who’d get the “fava”. And it would be a joke as next year someone would

421
00:39:11,660 –> 00:39:16,280
have to pay that cake for Christmas. Well… traditions are not the same.

422
00:39:16,280 –> 00:39:21,281
Joel: Well… it’s not too late, we can still go and get a “Bolo-Rei” and I’ll put a fava

423
00:39:21,281 –> 00:39:23,869
bean in there so then you have to pay the next year[‘s cake].

424
00:39:23,869 –> 00:39:29,720
Rui: Yeah… well I think the expensive ones from the really good shops in Lisbon probably still

425
00:39:29,720 –> 00:39:34,470
have them but the ones you buy at Pingo Doce, at the grocery store, they won’t.

426
00:39:34,470 –> 00:39:41,970
Joel: And next we’re going to talk about the superstitions of the New Year. So this is more relevant

427
00:39:41,970 –> 00:39:45,040
to the actual date that we’re recording this.

428
00:39:45,040 –> 00:39:47,270
Rui: Because it was just yesterday.
Joel: Yep.

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00:39:47,270 –> 00:39:56,750
Rui: Again, traditions that we in Lisbon kind of lose. You are more likely to see traditions

430
00:39:56,750 –> 00:40:03,530
outside of the big cities, but there are still places in Portugal where all of these traditions

431
00:40:03,530 –> 00:40:06,220
are followed. Let’s hear them.

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00:40:06,220 –> 00:40:11,589
Ano Novo e Superstições
Em Portugal, a Véspera de Ano Novo está
{{New Year and Superstitions
In Portugal, the New Year’s Eve is}}

433
00:40:11,589 –> 00:40:18,710
cheia de tradições e superstições. Assim como no Natal, a celebração começa com
{{full of traditions and superstitions. Such as Christmas, the celebration begins with}}

434
00:40:18,710 –> 00:40:25,880
um jantar em família, que inclui, mais uma vez, todos os doces desta época, seguindo-se
{{a family dinner, including, once again, all the seasonal sweets, followed by}}

435
00:40:25,880 –> 00:40:31,140
mais tarde a festa em si. Tradicionalmente, os portugueses não comem
{{the party itself later. Traditionally, the Portuguese do not eat}}

436
00:40:31,140 –> 00:40:38,190
carne de frango na última refeição do ano, porque diz-se que se o fizerem, a felicidade
{{poultry in the last meal of the year because it is said that if they do, happiness}}

437
00:40:38,190 –> 00:40:42,289
poderá voar como um pássaro no ano que aí vem.
{{might fly away like a bird in the upcoming year.}}

438
00:40:42,289 –> 00:40:48,569
Pelo contrário, o chocolate é altamente recomendado, pois atrai dinheiro. Para atrair
{{On the other hand, chocolate is highly recommended, since it brings money. To attract}}

439
00:40:48,569 –> 00:40:55,740
o dinheiro também se pode colocar uma folha de louro na carteira e deixá-la lá durante
{{money you can also put a bay leaf in your wallet and leave it there throughout}}

440
00:40:55,740 –> 00:41:00,500
todo o ano novo. Já no Brasil, a tradição para atrair dinheiro
{{the new year. In Brazil, the tradition said to attract money}}

441
00:41:00,500 –> 00:41:06,650
diz que se deve mastigar sete sementes de romã na véspera de Ano Novo, envolvê-las
{{tells you should chew seven pomegranate seeds on New Year’s Eve, wrap them}}

442
00:41:06,650 –> 00:41:14,660
num guardanapo e armazená-las na carteira. Os portugueses recebem o Ano Novo com álcool,
{{in a napkin and store them in your wallet. The Portuguese welcome the New Year with alcohol,}}

443
00:41:14,660 –> 00:41:21,650
de preferência vinho espumante, e nunca com água, seguindo a velha ideia de que o álcool
{{preferably sparkling wine, and never with water, following the old idea that alcohol}}

444
00:41:21,650 –> 00:41:29,329
traz vitalidade e saúde, como símbolo de vida. Para renovar a sua força, deve-se guardar
{{brings vitality and health, as a symbol of life. To renew your strength, you should save}}

445
00:41:29,329 –> 00:41:34,039
a rolha da garrafa e só mandá-la fora no ano seguinte.
{{the cork from the bottle and just throw it away the following year.}}

446
00:41:34,039 –> 00:41:40,799
A cor da roupa, especialmente da roupa interior, é algo que os portugueses escolhem cuidadosamente
{{The color of clothing, especially underwear, is something that the Portuguese choose carefully}}

447
00:41:40,799 –> 00:41:47,630
nesta noite. A cor é escolhida de acordo com o que as pessoas desejam para o ano novo.
{{that evening. The color is chosen according to what people wish for the new year.}}

448
00:41:47,630 –> 00:41:54,770
A meia-noite tem vários rituais. Um deles é subir para cima de uma cadeira, uns momentos antes,
{{Midnight has several rituals. One of them is to climb up on a chair, a moment before,}}

449
00:41:54,770 –> 00:42:01,089
com o pé direito, para simbolizar que se quer subir na vida, ao mesmo tempo que se
{{with the right foot, to symbolize going up in life, while simultaneously}}

450
00:42:01,089 –> 00:42:07,710
agarra dinheiro, de forma a atrair riqueza. Depois, as famosas 12 passas, que são comidas
{{holding money in order to attract wealth. Then the famous 12 raisins, which are eaten}}

451
00:42:07,710 –> 00:42:15,599
durante as 12 badaladas do relógio. Por cada badalada, come-se uma passa e pede-se um desejo.
{{during the 12 clock strikes. For each strike, one eats a raisin and makes a wish.}}

452
00:42:15,599 –> 00:42:22,779
Após se comerem as passas, pode-se atirar uma moeda ao ar ou saltar com o pé direito.
{{After eating the raisins, you can toss a coin or jump on your right foot.}}

453
00:42:22,779 –> 00:42:29,280
E por fim deve-se saltar da cadeira com o dinheiro ainda na mão, mais uma vez para
{{Finally one should jump from the chair with the money still in hand, once again to}}

454
00:42:29,280 –> 00:42:35,849
atrair riqueza. Influenciados pelos povos ibéricos, à meia-noite,
{{attract wealth. Influenced by Iberian people, at midnight,}}

455
00:42:35,849 –> 00:42:42,750
até os mexicanos pedem desejos enquanto comem as 12 passas e se abraçam, entre votos de
{{even the Mexicans make their wishes while eating the 12 raisins and hug each other, while wishing}}

456
00:42:42,750 –> 00:43:12,700
um feliz ano novo. Há também quem acredite que à meia-noite se deve saltar três vezes com uma taça de champanhe na mão, sem derramá-lo, e depois atirar a bebida para trás das costas sem olhar, para deixar para trás todos os problemas que aconteceram. Se alguém é atingido neste processo, não há problema pois também arranjámos uma superstição para essa eventualidade: essas pessoas são supostas ter boa sorte
{{for a happy new year. There are also those who believe that at midnight one should jump three times with a glass of champagne in hand, without spilling it, and then throw the drink behind them without looking, to leave behind all the problems that happened. If the drink spills over someone else in the process, there’s no problem because there’s also a superstition for that possibility: these people are supposed to have good luck}}

457
00:43:12,700 –> 00:43:17,319
durante todo o ano. Estas superstições sobre tocar em dinheiro
{{throughout the whole year. These superstitions about touching money}}

458
00:43:17,319 –> 00:43:21,181
são muito velhas. Algumas datam do século XIX.
{{are very old. Some date back to the nineteenth century.}}

459
00:43:21,181 –> 00:43:31,080
Joel: Well… these are some pretty wacky superstitions.
Rui: And Joel, about the New Year’s Eve superstitions,

460
00:43:31,080 –> 00:43:36,070
I bet you were a little bit disappointed discovering that, in Portugal we believe that, if you

461
00:43:36,070 –> 00:43:44,980
eat chicken in the last dinner of the year, your happiness will fly away as a bird, because

462
00:43:44,980 –> 00:43:50,450
yesterday that’s exactly what we ate.
Joel: Yeah… but does that include barbecue chicken?

463
00:43:50,450 –> 00:43:56,079
Rui: It does. I don’t think anyone… That’s the problem of being in these dinners with

464
00:43:56,079 –> 00:44:00,930
young people, is that we don’t remember the traditions anymore and we just had roasted

465
00:44:00,930 –> 00:44:03,430
chicken for dinner.
Joel: But, for example, would your parents have avoided

466
00:44:03,430 –> 00:44:10,599
It? Would they have been aware of these superstitions?
Rui: Maybe my parents would also be… would also

467
00:44:10,599 –> 00:44:14,260
forget but I bet my Grandma would say ‘No, no, no!’.

468
00:44:14,260 –> 00:44:18,640
Joel: Oh… she would take it more seriously.
Rui: ‘No, we can’t eat chicken!’. And my

469
00:44:18,640 –> 00:44:21,760
mum would say ‘Oh that’s true, let’s eat something else’.

470
00:44:21,760 –> 00:44:24,260
Joel: Right. And you highlighted “folha de

471
00:44:24,260 –> 00:44:29,540
louro na carteira”, like this tradition of keeping a bay leaf in your wallet.

472
00:44:29,540 –> 00:44:32,600
Joel: A bay leaf?… To attract money. “Atrair o dinheiro”.

473
00:44:32,600 –> 00:44:35,799
Rui: Yeah.
Joel: Another way to attract “dinheiro” (money)

474
00:44:35,799 –> 00:44:43,839
is to “mastigar sete sementes de romã”. What’s “mastigar”? Well first, let’s tell them

475
00:44:43,839 –> 00:44:47,190
what “romã” is.
Rui: “Romã” is “palm grenade[?]”.

476
00:44:47,190 –> 00:44:48,190
Joel: Pomegranate.
Rui: Pomegranate.

477
00:44:48,190 –> 00:44:51,560
Joel: I don’t know how you guys got away with just two syllables and our word is super long.

478
00:44:51,560 –> 00:44:56,829
Rui: Ours is “romã”, and this is in Brazil, by the way. That’s a superstition in Brazil.

479
00:44:56,829 –> 00:45:05,320
Yeah. Apparently they chew, or at least they keep, seven seeds of “romã” in their wallets.

480
00:45:05,320 –> 00:45:08,820
Joel: So “mastigar” is to chew?
Rui: To chew.

481
00:45:08,820 –> 00:45:12,930
Joel: Ok.
Rui: This makes sense to me now. That’s why in

482
00:45:12,930 –> 00:45:20,210
Brazil… I never understood why in Brazil “romã” was so popular at the end of the year

483
00:45:20,210 –> 00:45:23,360
and it was funny to discover the reason why.

484
00:45:23,360 –> 00:45:28,681
Joel: And then once you chew those seven pomegranate seeds, you’re supposed to keep them in a

485
00:45:28,681 –> 00:45:32,300
“guardanapo”, a napkin, and…
Rui: Put them in your wallet.

486
00:45:32,300 –> 00:45:37,070
Joel: What’s this word: “armazenar”?
Rui: Oh… to storage [store].

487
00:45:37,070 –> 00:45:38,260
Joel: Yeah.
Rui: Storage.

488
00:45:38,260 –> 00:45:39,940
Joel: I’ve seen the word “armazém” to mean like a warehouse.

489
00:45:39,940 –> 00:45:44,980
Rui: Yeah… a warehouse.
Joel: But I’ve never seen it used as a verb before.

490
00:45:44,980 –> 00:45:51,069
Rui: “Armazenar”. Like what you do in your pantry, with all the groceries. Or a fridge.

491
00:45:51,069 –> 00:45:52,690
Joel: Store.
Rui: Yeah. “Armazenar”.

492
00:45:52,690 –> 00:45:58,020
Joel: Hmmm. Ah… and then I like saying this next one: “rolha da garrafa”.

493
00:45:58,040 –> 00:46:08,510
Rui: You know it’s two words used for kids to learn how their r’s. “O Rei da Rússia tinha

494
00:46:08,510 –> 00:46:18,359
um rato que roeu a rolha da garrafa de rum”. Não, “o rato roeu a rolha da garrafa de rum

495
00:46:18,359 –> 00:46:23,470
do Rei da Rússia”. Do you want to say that?
Joel: If that was the first thing that someone heard

496
00:46:23,470 –> 00:46:28,000
when they were learning European Portuguese they would no longer say it’s a beautiful

497
00:46:28,000 –> 00:46:34,970
language, because all I heard was ‘grhhhhh’.
Rui: But “rolha da garrafa”. It’s the cork of

498
00:46:34,970 –> 00:46:40,099
the bottle. The bottle cork.
Joel: I’ll save that one for later.

499
00:46:40,099 –> 00:46:42,079
Rui: Made of cork.
Joel: “Cortiça”.

500
00:46:42,079 –> 00:46:46,420
Rui: “Cortiça”.
Joel: And then of course another famous tradition

501
00:46:46,420 –> 00:46:54,140
here is that we eat 12 raisins at midnight – “12 passas” eaten during the 12 “badaladas

502
00:46:54,140 –> 00:46:55,430
do relógio”.
Rui: Beats.

503
00:46:55,430 –> 00:47:01,430
Joel: A “badalada” is a beat?
Rui: It’s a beat, like you know those church

504
00:47:01,430 –> 00:47:06,040
watches [clocks] that do ‘toom toom toom’…

505
00:47:06,040 –> 00:47:10,430
Joel: Ok.
Rui: You know… to mark the hours?

506
00:47:10,430 –> 00:47:14,640
Joel: Yeah… so I’m just thinking do you use that in other contexts of music as well or is this

507
00:47:14,640 –> 00:47:16,029
specifically, …
Rui: No.

508
00:47:16,029 –> 00:47:20,289
Joel: … just [for the] big clock towers?
Rui: Yeah… big clock towers.

509
00:47:20,289 –> 00:47:25,130
Joel: Ok… it’s like the strikes of the clock.
Rui: For music you use “batidas”.

510
00:47:25,130 –> 00:47:28,430
Joel: Oh… like with the beats of a song.
Rui: The music beats – “batidas da música”. And

511
00:47:28,430 –> 00:47:35,470
for a clock watch you use “badalada”. I think it comes from the word “badalo” because

512
00:47:35,470 –> 00:47:43,700
in those towers, you can see that piece of iron going to one side and the other.

513
00:47:43,700 –> 00:47:51,780
Joel: And the last one we have on the list for this section is the verb “derramar”.

514
00:47:51,780 –> 00:47:56,770
Rui: To spill.
Joel: Oh… like to spill a drink?

515
00:47:56,770 –> 00:47:59,040
Rui: Humm humm.
Joel: Is that the same as “entornar”?

516
00:47:59,040 –> 00:48:02,019
Rui: The same.
Joel: And then we’ve got one more section left,

517
00:48:02,019 –> 00:48:06,890
where we’re gonna talk about more superstitions.
Rui: We do?

518
00:48:06,890 –> 00:48:08,520
Joel: “Superstições”.
Rui: Oh… We do.

519
00:48:08,520 –> 00:48:15,880
Atrair riqueza parece ser uma prioridade pelo que as superstições não terminam por aqui.
{{Attracting wealth seems to be a priority, so the superstitions do not end there.}}

520
00:48:15,880 –> 00:48:22,220
Algumas pessoas aconselham a colocar uma nota no sapato direito durante a passagem do ano
{{Some people advise putting a bill inside the right shoe for the New Year}}

521
00:48:22,220 –> 00:48:29,440
e até mesmo fazer a primeira compra do ano com essa nota, de acordo com a crença oriental
{{and even making the first purchase of the year with this bill, according to the oriental belief}}

522
00:48:29,440 –> 00:48:37,750
de que a energia entra no corpo através dos pés, atraindo mais riqueza com este ritual.
{{that energy enters the body through the feet, attracting more wealth through this ritual.}}

523
00:48:37,750 –> 00:48:43,319
Também é aconselhável fazer a contagem regressiva com dinheiro nos bolsos, porque
{{It is also advisable to spend the countdown with money inside your pockets, because}}

524
00:48:43,319 –> 00:48:49,260
se eles estão vazios, este estado pode ser prolongado durante todo o ano novo.
{{if they are empty, this situation can be prolonged throughout the new year.}}

525
00:48:49,260 –> 00:48:54,710
A escolha da roupa também é muito importante nesta noite. Alguns portugueses, antes das
{{The choice of clothing is also very important that night. Some Portuguese, before the}}

526
00:48:54,710 –> 00:49:01,690
comemorações começarem, fazem a sua cama com lençóis novos, para que possam ser felizes
{{celebrations begin, make their beds with fresh sheets, so they can be happy}}

527
00:49:01,690 –> 00:49:08,160
na sua vida amorosa durante o próximo ano. O mesmo para a roupa interior; se for nova
{{in their love lives over the next year. Same for underwear: if new}}

528
00:49:08,160 –> 00:49:15,390
irá atrair o amor e boa sorte. No entanto, em relação à cor desta, o consenso é difícil
{{it will bring love and good luck. However regarding its color the consensus is difficult}}

529
00:49:15,390 –> 00:49:22,309
de encontrar. Alguns argumentam que a roupa interior deve ser azul e alguns que deve
{{to reach. Some argue that the New Year underwear should be blue and some that it should}}

530
00:49:22,309 –> 00:49:28,510
ser vermelha. Supostamente azul traz boa sorte, vermelho
{{be red. Blue supposedly brings good luck, red}}

531
00:49:28,510 –> 00:49:40,049
traz amor, amarelo traz dinheiro, branco traz paz, verde traz saúde e castanho vai melhorar
{{brings love, yellow brings money, white brings peace, green bring health and brown improves}}

532
00:49:40,049 –> 00:49:46,390
a sua carreira profissional. A roupa não deve ser apertada e não deve ter buracos
{{your professional career. Clothes should not be tight or have holes}}

533
00:49:46,390 –> 00:49:54,470
ou rasgões, para não atrair problemas financeiros. Em alguns lugares de Portugal, a tradição
{{or tears, to avoid attracting financial problems. In some places in Portugal, tradition}}

534
00:49:54,470 –> 00:50:00,869
diz que, à meia-noite, se deve correr para a janela e fazer tanto barulho quanto se puder
{{says that at midnight, you should run to the window and make as much noise as if you can}}

535
00:50:00,869 –> 00:50:06,780
usando tampas de panelas. Esta tradição de fazer barulho é uma das
{{using saucepan lids. This tradition of making noise is one of the}}

536
00:50:06,780 –> 00:50:14,280
mais antigas e mais enraizadas superstições do mundo e tem como intenção afugentar os
{{oldest and most rooted superstitions of the world and its purpose is to scare off}}

537
00:50:14,280 –> 00:50:21,880
espíritos malignos e os fantasmas que assombraram o ano anterior. Acredita-se que tenha origens
{{evil spirits and ghosts that haunted the previous year. It is believed that its origins}}

538
00:50:21,880 –> 00:50:29,420
anteriores ao Império Romano. Em Lisboa, durante os anos 50 e 60, houve
{{precede the Roman Empire. In Lisbon, during the 50s and 60s, there was}}

539
00:50:29,420 –> 00:50:36,440
no entanto uma tradição que foi proibida. Nessa época, na noite de fim de ano, as pessoas
{{however a tradition that has been banned. At that time, on New Years Eve, people}}

540
00:50:36,440 –> 00:50:44,480
atiravam pratos e vasos velhos pela janela, no entanto o ritual causava tanto caos que
{{would throw old plates and pots out the window, however the ritual caused so much chaos that}}

541
00:50:44,480 –> 00:50:51,250
teve de terminar. Ainda assim, é aconselhável ter a casa limpa no início do ano e livre
{{it had to end. Yet it is advisable to have the house cleaned at the beginning of the year and free}}

542
00:50:51,250 –> 00:50:58,221
de lixo, objetos antigos e desnecessários, para afastar as energias negativas do ano
{{of garbage, old and unnecessary objects, to ward off the negative energies of the previous}}

543
00:50:58,221 –> 00:51:03,040
anterior. O primeiro dia do ano também deve começar
{{year. The first day of the year should also start}}

544
00:51:03,040 –> 00:51:09,730
sem qualquer tipo de discussão familiar ou entre um casal, porque os portugueses acreditam
{{without any kind of family or couple arguments, because the Portuguese believe}}

545
00:51:09,730 –> 00:51:17,070
que se assim não for, então as discussões vão continuar ao longo do ano.
{{that otherwise, the arguing will continue throughout the year.}}

546
00:51:17,070 –> 00:51:22,589
Algumas destas tradições têm centenas de anos, e todas elas são destinadas a trazer
{{Some of these traditions have hundreds of years, and they are all designed to bring}}

547
00:51:22,589 –> 00:51:28,390
boa sorte para o ano que começa. E mesmo que a maioria das pessoas saiba que
{{good luck for the coming year. And even though most people know that}}

548
00:51:28,390 –> 00:51:34,890
elas são apenas superstições, não custa conhecê-las e segui-las. Isso torna a festa
{{they are just superstitions, it takes no effort to know them and follow them. This makes the party}}

549
00:51:34,890 –> 00:51:45,680
mais engraçada e dá a todos esperança. Afinal de contas, “ano novo, vida nova”!
{{funnier and gives everyone hope. After all “new year, new life”!}}

550
00:51:45,680 –> 00:52:00,750
Rui: So, Joel. For this last section, I was wondering if you know what these two words mean: “pelo que”? “Atrair riqueza parece ser uma prioridade *pelo que* as superstições não

551
00:52:00,750 –> 00:52:05,029
terminam por aqui”.
Joel: “Pelo que”… That’s like… therefore.

552
00:52:05,029 –> 00:52:09,680
Rui: Exactly. Therefore, so…
Joel: … Or because of that.

553
00:52:09,680 –> 00:52:20,760
Rui: Humm humm. So… to attract wealth seems to be a priority, *therefore* superstitions do not

554
00:52:20,760 –> 00:52:26,930
end here. And what about the word “crença” – do you

555
00:52:26,930 –> 00:52:33,299
know what “crença” means?
Joel: “Crença” … Yes, because the verb “crer”

556
00:52:33,299 –> 00:52:43,330
is to believe something, right?
Rui: “Crer”. “Crer”. So you have the verb “crer”,

557
00:52:43,330 –> 00:52:49,900
the noun “crença” and people are “crentes” [believers].

558
00:52:49,900 –> 00:52:57,710
Joel: And not to get off track, but one thing that just got me confused was… what’s the pronunciation

559
00:52:57,710 –> 00:53:06,900
difference between “crer” and to want – “querer”?
Rui: Well… to believe, the r follows the

560
00:53:06,900 –> 00:53:13,809
c immediately so you hear “crer”, and the other one is “que-rer”.

561
00:53:13,809 –> 00:53:20,859
Joel: But they could very possibly sound the same, I guess… if someone is speaking fast, right?

562
00:53:20,859 –> 00:53:24,670
Rui: Yeah. Well… to your ear, since you’re not trained…

563
00:53:24,670 –> 00:53:29,339
Joel: My “estrangeiro” ear.
Rui: Yeah… so probably they sound the same. To

564
00:53:29,339 –> 00:53:35,549
my ear, probably I hear the very subtle difference, because the word “to want” – “querer” – has

565
00:53:35,549 –> 00:53:42,599
the e before that r. I need to hear “ue” before the r, “querer”.

566
00:53:42,599 –> 00:53:46,700
Joel: Humm humm.
Rui: And the other one doesn’t: “crer”. So it’s

567
00:53:46,700 –> 00:53:52,039
a cr, “crer”.
Joel: So “querer” and “crer”.

568
00:53:52,039 –> 00:53:56,400
Rui: Exactly.
Joel: So since “crer” is the verb to believe, “crença”

569
00:53:56,400 –> 00:54:04,640
must be a belief.
Rui: A belief. “Crença”, which is not “criança”.

570
00:54:04,640 –> 00:54:08,270
Joel: A “criança” tem uma “crença”.
Rui: Exactly.

571
00:54:08,270 –> 00:54:17,960
And then one of the other superstitions that is interesting is that we should make our

572
00:54:17,960 –> 00:54:24,950
beds with new sheets, “para que possam ser felizes” – I highlighted that structure

573
00:54:24,950 –> 00:54:30,740
of words.
Rui: “Para que possam ser” – so that they can

574
00:54:30,740 –> 00:54:38,730
be happy, like in their love life. So you’re supposed to sleep, that first night of the

575
00:54:38,730 –> 00:54:43,540
year in a bed with new sheets.
Joel: So that whole phrase that we’re talking

576
00:54:43,540 –> 00:54:49,380
about is kind of just a way to say in order [to] or so that.

577
00:54:49,380 –> 00:54:53,309
Rui: Humm humm.
Joel: So to break it down, we have “para que” – those

578
00:54:53,309 –> 00:55:00,319
are two words – and then “possam”, which comes from the presente do conjuntivo… of

579
00:55:00,319 –> 00:55:05,700
the verb “poder” – “possam”.
Rui: You could say this in a simpler way but it

580
00:55:05,700 –> 00:55:11,830
would never transmit the same idea of time. You could say: “Alguns portugueses, antes das

581
00:55:11,830 –> 00:55:19,550
comemorações começarem, fazem a sua cama com lençóis novos, para serem felizes na

582
00:55:19,550 –> 00:55:21,019
sua vida amorosa”.
Joel: Right.

583
00:55:21,019 –> 00:55:27,750
Rui: You could say “para serem” but “para que possam ser” – there’s always more information in these

584
00:55:27,750 –> 00:55:37,950
complex verb tenses. You have more the possibility… it’s not sure, it’s just in order

585
00:55:37,950 –> 00:55:43,280
that you have that chance.
Joel: So we’ve probably lost a lot of people with

586
00:55:43,280 –> 00:55:49,529
the two different variations. One thing that happens a lot is that you can use infinitivo

587
00:55:49,529 –> 00:55:55,150
pessoal – the personal infinitive – which was the alternate example you just gave, “para

588
00:55:55,150 –> 00:56:01,230
serem felizes”, right? So you take the verb “ser”, turn it into the

589
00:56:01,230 –> 00:56:06,260
personal infinitive, that applies to multiple people – “serem” – you just add on the

590
00:56:06,260 –> 00:56:10,680
[em] ending. Once you learn that conjugation, that’s one of the simpler conjugations to

591
00:56:10,680 –> 00:56:12,569
do.
Rui: Yeah… to me it sounds simpler than “para que

592
00:56:12,569 –> 00:56:16,490
possam ser”.
Joel: And what happens a lot of the time is that

593
00:56:16,490 –> 00:56:21,310
you can use personal infinitive, which was that one, but then there’s another version

594
00:56:21,310 –> 00:56:28,190
when we include the word “que” that then makes us have to use the conjuntivo verb tense.

595
00:56:28,190 –> 00:56:29,670
Rui: Oh… yeah.
Joel: Or verb mood.

596
00:56:29,670 –> 00:56:34,560
Rui: “Para que”…
Joel: So what I’m trying to say is, one trick

597
00:56:34,560 –> 00:56:36,809
that I learned when I was in the B1 course I wasn’t quite ready to use the conjuntivo

598
00:56:36,809 –> 00:56:41,920
verb moods, and I learned a lot of the time to find one of the alternate constructions

599
00:56:41,920 –> 00:56:48,690
of that phrase, where I could use the infinitivo pessoal without the word “que”.

600
00:56:48,690 –> 00:56:56,599
“Para ficares feliz” em vez de “para que fiques feliz”.

601
00:56:56,599 –> 00:56:59,580
Rui: “Fiques”. “Para ficares” versus “para que fiques”. That’s interesting. You guys can

602
00:56:59,580 –> 00:57:02,200
see how Joel knows more about grammar… but I think that’s…

603
00:57:02,200 –> 00:57:03,760
Joel: I’s normal.
Rui: It happens all the time.

604
00:57:03,760 –> 00:57:06,099
Joel: We’ve talked about this

605
00:57:06,099 –> 00:57:11,089
before I guess – but when you learn a language growing up you learn it in little bits and

606
00:57:11,089 –> 00:57:16,599
pieces through immersion, through learning little fixed phrases. But it’s only when

607
00:57:16,599 –> 00:57:21,950
either you’re studying linguistics or you’re trying to learn a second language as an adult,

608
00:57:21,950 –> 00:57:27,009
that we kind of approach it from a more analytical standpoint because we really need some of

609
00:57:27,009 –> 00:57:32,070
these shortcuts. We can’t… you know… we can’t grow up all over again with a mum

610
00:57:32,070 –> 00:57:36,130
telling us all these little phrases.
Rui: Even though… remember we also talked about

611
00:57:36,130 –> 00:57:41,690
this before. I think I learned the grammar just as you did now as an adult. The thing

612
00:57:41,690 –> 00:57:48,289
is that after I learned it, I started using it and I never thought about it again… I

613
00:57:48,289 –> 00:57:56,420
see three more words… four, highlighted.
Joel: Ok… so here we have a word that’s in a plural

614
00:57:56,420 –> 00:58:00,819
form: “rasgões”. So…
Rui: The singular would be “rasgão”, and the verb

615
00:58:00,819 –> 00:58:03,000
is “rasgar”.
Joel: To rip.

616
00:58:03,000 –> 00:58:05,630
Rui: Tear apart.
Joel: Tear apart?

617
00:58:05,630 –> 00:58:12,410
Rui: Yeah… tears. “Rasgões” são tears. Sabes na roupa, quando a roupa está apertada, e
{{Rui: Yeah… tears. “Rasgões” are tears. You know, in clothes, when your clothes are tight and}}

618
00:58:12,410 –> 00:58:16,630
tu te baixas para apanhar alguma coisa e as tuas calças”…
{{you crouch to pick something up and your pants…”}}

619
00:58:16,630 –> 00:58:19,039
Joel: Eu?! Estás a falar de mim ou em geral?
Rui: Não, em geral.
{{Joel: Me?! Are you talking about me or in general?
Rui: No, in general.}}

620
00:58:19,039 –> 00:58:21,260
Joel: Ok.
Rui: Quando alguém se baixa e as calças fazem
{{Joel: Ok.
Rui: When someone crouches and their pants go}}

621
00:58:21,260 –> 00:58:22,260
‘ghhhh’.
Joel: Yeah… that’s a “rasgão”.

622
00:58:22,260 –> 00:58:26,400
Rui: É um “rasgão nas calças”.
Joel: There’s a word “rasga” also, isn’t there?
{{Rui: It’s a “rip in the pants”.}}

623
00:58:26,400 –> 00:58:27,400
“Rasga”?
Rui: “Rasca”?

624
00:58:27,400 –> 00:58:32,650
Joel: Is that a smaller tear than a “rasgão”?
Rui: No. There’s a word “rasca” in the expression

625
00:58:32,650 –> 00:58:36,579
“à rasca”.
Joel: Oh, but that’s with a c.

626
00:58:36,579 –> 00:58:45,259
In the sentence, for example – with a c – “eu estou à rasca”. But that’s really

627
00:58:45,259 –> 00:58:50,140
slang-ish for “I’m having troubles”.
Joel: Ok. So they’re not related?

628
00:58:50,140 –> 00:58:59,910
Rui: No they’re not related at all. And that’s – “à rasca” is a very – it’s slang

629
00:58:59,910 –> 00:59:05,369
and some people consider it not so…
Joel: Polite? Formal?

630
00:59:05,369 –> 00:59:09,270
Rui: Yeah… it shows that you’re not that…
Joel: Educated.

631
00:59:09,270 –> 00:59:15,470
Rui: … educated. But to educate us further, the next word is

632
00:59:15,470 –> 00:59:20,819
– you say it – “enraizada”. I can’t even say it!

633
00:59:20,819 –> 00:59:25,259
Rui: It’s a [rgh]… it’s “enraizada”. “En-raizada”, so the root is “raiz” …

634
00:59:25,259 –> 00:59:30,990
Joel: Root.
Rui: And something that’s “enraizada” is…

635
00:59:30,990 –> 00:59:32,900
Joel: Rooted in.
Rui: Rooted in.

636
00:59:32,900 –> 00:59:35,589
Joel: Ok.
Rui: And then, “assombraram”.

637
00:59:35,589 –> 00:59:40,980
Joel: The infinitive verb is “assombrar”.
Rui: “Assombrar” – to haunt.

638
00:59:40,980 –> 00:59:48,390
Joel: Ooooooh. That was more like a horse instead of a ghost.

639
00:59:48,390 –> 00:59:53,779
Rui: Yeah.
Joel: I have a bit of a cold.

640
00:59:53,779 –> 00:59:58,109
Rui: It’s a ghost of a horse. “Assombrar” – to haunt.

641
00:59:58,109 –> 01:00:04,960
Joel: And in this context, we’re talking about the ghosts that are haunting from the previous

642
01:00:04,960 –> 01:00:08,740
year, is that right?
Rui: Yes. And finally, on the last paragraph…

643
01:00:08,740 –> 01:00:14,640
Joel: This is something that we hear a lot. It’s used in common day-to-day speech and if you

644
01:00:14,640 –> 01:00:16,870
take it literally then…
Rui: It’s confusing.

645
01:00:16,870 –> 01:00:22,529
Joel: Yeah, so… Actually let’s say it in English first just to see if maybe people can guess

646
01:00:22,529 –> 01:00:28,130
what it is in Portuguese if they’ve heard it before. So it’s… literally… it would be

647
01:00:28,130 –> 01:00:31,990
to not cost, so it doesn’t cost to…
Rui: … Know the traditions.

648
01:00:31,990 –> 01:00:34,769
Joel: Yeah… it doesn’t cost anything to learn the traditions, we’re not talking about…

649
01:00:34,769 –> 01:00:36,190
Rui: … Let’s be honest… the actual expression that

650
01:00:36,190 –> 01:00:46,309
you use in English also doesn’t make that much sense to us, because you don’t say it

651
01:00:46,309 –> 01:00:52,559
doesn’t cost, you say it doesn’t hurt.
Joel: Right. Ok, so…

652
01:00:52,559 –> 01:00:54,470
Rui: So they both…
Joel: Yeah… so sorry let’s rewind. So the phrase

653
01:00:54,470 –> 01:01:03,250
that we have highlighted is “não custa conhecê-las”. So it doesn’t… doesn’t – translated

654
01:01:03,250 –> 01:01:09,490
literally it doesn’t cost anything to know them… the superstitions, but when you guys

655
01:01:09,490 –> 01:01:15,829
use the verb “custar”, a lot of the time you’re just talking about that it doesn’t take

656
01:01:15,829 –> 01:01:20,829
any effort, it doesn’t…
Rui: Exactly, because “custar”, every time it’s

657
01:01:20,829 –> 01:01:30,000
used for that meaning. It doesn’t mean costing money, it means costing effort. It doesn’t

658
01:01:30,000 –> 01:01:34,039
hurt you. It doesn’t take any effort. It’s not that hard.

659
01:01:34,039 –> 01:01:40,430
Joel: Seems like “não custa nada” is a phrase that is really commonly used, right… with the word

660
01:01:40,430 –> 01:01:41,430
“nada”?
Rui: Sim.

661
01:01:41,430 –> 01:01:45,089
Joel: “Não custa nada”.
Rui: We use that a lot.

662
01:01:45,089 –> 01:01:46,950
Joel: Or…
Rui: Or “custa-me tanto”.

663
01:01:46,950 –> 01:01:53,730
Joel: Yeah… I think at the gym I’ve heard that. Oh yeah, yeah. “Custa”… it requires a lot

664
01:01:53,730 –> 01:01:57,059
of effort.
Rui: It requires, yeah. “Custa-me tanto acordar

665
01:01:57,059 –> 01:02:01,130
cedo” – it’s so hard for me to wake up early.

666
01:02:01,130 –> 01:02:05,660
Joel: That’s funny. I always keep going back to money. It costs me so much money to wake up

667
01:02:05,660 –> 01:02:09,640
early!
Rui: The thing is we use it as much as for money.

668
01:02:09,640 –> 01:02:15,259
Probably. We use it…
Joel: In the other context as frequently as…

669
01:02:15,259 –> 01:02:19,339
Rui: Yeah… we use them as frequently.
Joel: So we hope that this episode “não custou

670
01:02:19,339 –> 01:02:24,759
nada aos nossos ouvintes”.
Rui: Well… for us it didn’t “custou nada a fazer”.

671
01:02:24,759 –> 01:02:27,769
It was a pleasure.
Joel: Sempre um prazer.
{{Joel: Always a pleasure.}}

672
01:02:27,769 –> 01:02:34,230
Rui: É sempre um prazer, senhor, conversar consigo.
Joel: Ai, que formal! And I think, before we wrap
{{Rui: It’s always a pleasure, sir, talking to you.
Joel: Oh, how formal!}}

673
01:02:34,230 –> 01:02:41,549
up the episode, it’s probably a good time now that we’re starting on a new year to

674
01:02:41,549 –> 01:02:46,550
just thank everybody who has supported us for yet another year of this podcast.

675
01:02:46,550 –> 01:02:49,710
Rui: That’s true.
Joel: We’ve of course launched a few months ago

676
01:02:49,710 –> 01:02:51,609
the Learning Studio.
Rui: Obrigado a todos.
{{Rui: Thank you all.}}

677
01:02:51,609 –> 01:02:57,640
Joel: Obrigado a todos. We’ve had some great support for both of these efforts. We’ve been really,

678
01:02:57,640 –> 01:03:04,490
really hard at work – it’s been a crazy few months but it’s been a pleasure.

679
01:03:04,490 –> 01:03:11,420
Rui: Obrigado pelo apoio, pelos emails, pelas palavras que recebemos, as mensagens…
{{Rui: Thanks for the support, the emails, the words we receive, the messages…}}

680
01:03:11,420 –> 01:03:16,640
Joel: And we’ve got lots more planned and on the way for 2017. It’s going to be another good

681
01:03:16,640 –> 01:03:20,650
year.
Rui: E esperamos também que o projeto cresça e
{{Rui: And we also hope the project grows and}}

682
01:03:20,650 –> 01:03:29,440
atinja um nível… um patamar que possa ajudar cada vez mais pessoas de formas melhores
{{reaches a level… a level that can increasingly help more people in better and}}

683
01:03:29,440 –> 01:03:36,710
e mais eficientes, porque os nossos planos para o projeto são sempre de forma a que ele
{{more efficient ways because our plans for the project always aim towards making it}}

684
01:03:36,710 –> 01:03:41,859
se torne uma ferramenta melhor, com mais qualidade e mais útil.
{{become a better tool, with better quality and more useful.}}

685
01:03:41,859 –> 01:03:47,230
Joel: Exatamente. Até compramos um novo microfone!
Rui: Que estamos a usar agora. Será que eles ouvem
{{Joel: Exactly. We even bought a new microphone!
Rui: Which we are using right now. Can they hear}}

686
01:03:47,230 –> 01:03:51,339
a diferença. Eu ouço uma diferença. But ok let’s leave
{{the difference. I hear a difference.}}

687
01:03:51,339 –> 01:03:57,070
it at that. I think the main point here is thank you for a great year.

688
01:03:57,070 –> 01:04:04,730
Rui: And, we wish you all an amazing 2017.
Joel: Com boas resoluções.
{{Joel: With good resolutions.}}

689
01:04:04,730 –> 01:04:12,809
Rui: Que as vossas resoluções se tornem realidade. Não, isso são desejos. Que vocês consigam
{{Rui: Let your resolutions come true. No, these are wishes. I hope you’re able}}

690
01:04:12,809 –> 01:04:17,830
cumprir as vossas resoluções e que os desejos se tornem em realidade.
{{to fulfill your resolutions and that your wishes come true.}}

691
01:04:17,830 –> 01:04:23,079
Joel: Muito bem-dito. Então Bom Ano Novo e até à próxima!
{{Joel: Very well said. So Happy New Year and until next time!}}

692
01:04:23,079 –> 01:04:25,319
Rui: Até à próxima!
{{Rui: Until next time!}}