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Where Are You From?

countries in portuguese

In this Learning Note we’ll cover 3 main topics:

  • 🗺 Countries in Portuguese (so you can say where you’re from!)
  • 🤓 Whether to use a definite article (o or a) before the name of your country
  • 🗣 How to state which language(s) you speak and your nationality (both male and female forms)

You may have already learned how to greet people and introduce yourself in European Portuguese, so now you can get more specific when talking about where you’re from, or where you’re going.
As you know, most words in Portuguese have a gender, and it’s the same for paísescountries , so we’ve grouped these by “masculine” countries, “feminine” countries, and “neutral” countries.
Note: We have only included a small selection of countries and languages below. Let us know if we didn’t include yours yet and we’ll work on adding it!

♂ “Masculine” Countries

  • o BrasilBrazil
  • o CanadáCanada
  • o ChileChile
  • EgitoEgypt
  • os Emirados Árabes UnidosUnited Arab Emirates
  • o EquadorEcuador
  • os Estados Unidosthe United States
  • o GanaGhana
  • o IraqueIraq
  • o IrãoIran – this is o Irã in Brazil
  • o JapãoJapan
  • o LuxemburgoLuxembourg
  • o MéxicoMexico
  • o NepalNepal
  • o PaquistãoPakistan
  • os Países Baixosthe Netherlands *See below for alternative
  • o QuéniaKenya
  • o Reino Unidothe United Kingdom
  • o Sri LankaSri Lanka
  • o UruguaiUruguay
  • o VietnameVietnam – this is o Vietnã in Brazil
  • o ZimbábueZimbabwe

♀ “Feminine” Countries

  • a África do SulSouth Africa
  • a ÁustriaAustria
  • a AlemanhaGermany
  • a ArgentinaArgentina
  • a AustráliaAustralia
  • a BulgáriaBulgaria
  • a BélgicaBelgium
  • a ChinaChina
  • a ColômbiaColombia
  • a DinamarcaDenmark
  • a EscóciaScotland
  • as Filipinasthe Philippines
  • a FinlândiaFinland
  • a GréciaGreece
  • a HolandaHolland, the Netherlands *Often used to refer to the Netherlands as a whole
  • a HungriaHungary
  • a ÍndiaIndia
  • a IndonésiaIndonesia
  • a IrlandaIreland
  • a ItáliaItaly
  • a NigériaNigeria
  • a NoruegaNorway
  • a Nova ZelândiaNew Zealand
  • a PolóniaPoland
  • a República Checa ou ChéquiaThe Czech Republic or Czechia
  • a RoméniaRomania
  • a RússiaRussia
  • a SuéciaSweden
  • a SuíçaSwitzerland
  • a TailândiaThailand
  • a TurquiaTurkey
  • a UcrâniaUkraine
  • a VenezuelaVenezuela

⚪️ “Neutral” Countries

Definite Articles… Is it em or no? De or do?

As you may have noticed, masculine countries are preceded by o or os, feminine countries by a or as, and neutral countries have no definite article.
So how do you know whether a country, city, region, or other location gets a definite article or not? Well, the rules aren’t very straightforward, and there are many exceptions, so most learners choose to learn these individually over time. Luckily, it’s a small detail, so you will still be understood if you say o instead of a, or include / don’t include an article. 😉
That said, if you’re interested, here are a few general guidelines that will help you out sometimes:

  • Countries that end in -a – Usually feminine
  • Countries that end in -o – Usually masculine
  • Countries that end in -á, e, é, u, i, ai, ã, im, ão – Usually masculine
  • Countries that end in a consonant (unless that consonant is there because the the word is plural) – Usually masculine
  • Places that derive from common nouns – Most include a definite article. Examples: o Porto (porto is also a common noun meaning port/harbour) and os Estados Unidos (estados means states)
  • Regions – Most regions include a definite article (e.g. o Algarve)
  • Cities – Most cities do NOT include a definite article
  • Portuguese-speaking countries – Most do NOT include a definite article, like Portugal, but there are exceptions, like o Brasil

Like we said, there are many exceptions, as you’ll notice if you browse through the lists of countries above.

Also note that definite articles form contractions when combined with certain prepositions, such as emin and defrom . So when you start putting these into sentences, you could end up with em, no, na, do, da, etc. preceding the name of the place. Here are a few examples:

  • em Portugalin Portugal
  • em Londresin London
  • em Lisboain Lisbon
  • no Portoin Porto
  • no Algarvein the Algarve
  • do Canadáfrom Canada
  • da Alemanhafrom Germany
  • dos Estados Unidosfrom the United States

🤯 If your head is spinning, don’t worry! Just learn how to handle the countries / places you talk about most often. For the rest, you can pick it up gradually.

Stating Your Nationality and Language

Using an adjective to state your nationality in Portuguese will require a slight modification, depending on whether you are male or female. Many of these follow similar rules, so we’ll just include a few examples below.
Then, to say which language you speak, it’s often the same as the masculine version of the nationality. (The obvious exceptions are the many, many languages that differ from the name of the country/countries where they are spoken.)
Notice that in Portuguese, countries are capitalized, but nationalities and languages are not capitalized.

  • Sou de PortugalI am from Portugal Sou portuguêsI am Portuguese(masc.) Sou portuguesaI am Portuguese(fem.) Falo portuguêsI speak Portuguese
  • Sou do BrasilI am from Brazil Sou brasileiroI am Brazilian(masc.) Sou brasileiraI am Brazilian(fem.)
  • Sou dos Estados UnidosI am from the United States Sou americanoI am American(masc.) Sou americanaI am American(fem.) Falo inglêsI speak English
  • Sou do CanadáI am from Canada Sou canadianoI am Canadian(masc.) Sou canadianaI am Canadian(fem.) Falo inglês e francêsI speak English and French
  • Sou do Reino UnidoI am from the United Kingdom Sou inglêsI'm English(masc.) Sou inglesaI'm English(fem.) Sou britânicoI'm British(masc.) Sou britânicaI'm British(fem.)
  • Sou do JapãoI am from Japan Sou japonêsI am Japanese(masc.) Sou japonesaI am Japanese(fem.) Falo japonêsI speak Japanese
  • Sou da EscóciaI’m from Scotland Sou escocêsI’m Scottish(masc.) Sou escocesaI’m Scottish(fem.)

Ready to try it out? Leave a comment below in Portuguese, telling us where you’re from and which language(s) you speak! 😊

Comments

  • Olá! Chamo-me Juan. Eu sou do Equador y falo espanhol. Considere adicionar meu país ao seu website, por favor. Obrigado!

  • Olá! Chamo-me Paulo e sou dos estados unidos. A minha esposa é de Sierra Leone. (And I’m wondering if that’s the correct country name in Portuguese and I’m wondering what the demonym is for Sierra Leoneans in Portuguese…?)

    • Olá, Paulo! 🙂 Em português, dizemos que a tua esposa é da Serra Leoa, o que significa que ela é serra-leonina. Por sua vez, um homem da Serra Leoa é serra-leonino.

  • I wonder if there’s a Portuguese expression similar to the French one “états-unien” or the Spanish one “estadounidense” to refer to people from the United States?

    • Absolutely – we also have the word ‘estado-unidense’ in European Portuguese. But honestly, all I hear people say is ‘norte-americano(a)’ (sorry, Canadians!) or just ‘americano(a)’ (sorry, everyone in the Americas!).

  • Hi PP team. I’m really enjoying working through these units, and some of it might even be lodging in my aging brain!
    I was wondering if you could help me with how say ‘I’m Scottish and ‘I’m from Scotland’ and the pronunciation in Portuguese please. It’s very important in these post-brexit times! Thank you.

  • So, do we say da China, da Bulgária or de China, de Bulgária?

    Also something else: when do we pronounce de as the in “the man” and when as the in “the egg”. Why are there two types of pronouncing the word “de”?

    • “Da China” and “da Bulgária”! They both end in -a, so you can assume it’s a feminine word. There are some exceptions, as you’ve learned! These are not.

      “De” only has one type of pronunciation! De. Similar to “the”, with a closed “e” (and not the “a” sound).

  • Thanks for the answer! However, I bet I hear different things, as I listen to ‘de’ in “Gosto de falar” (which sounds like the typical dumb ‘e’ in the end of portuguese words) and “Gosto de agua”, which sounds almost 1:1 as “goshtu di agua” and as ‘di’ in dizer.

    I’ll nevertheless try to train my ears better.

    • Oh, now I know what you mean! I’m so sorry. Since my Portuguese brain is trained for all types of pronunciations, I don’t easily spot the difference. But here’s the thing: when an e is followed by e, a, or o, it sounds more like a closed E. (This is basically the same as how one would say the name of the letter E in English – “ee”). This is more common with 1-syllable words, such as que, de, se, or enclitic pronouns, like -te or -me, than it is with longer words.
      This happens in the sentence “Gosto de água”. Because “de” is followed by the “á” in “água” it sounds like Gosto di-água. (“dee”, modified first vowel) or Gosto d’água. (omitted first vowel, which forms a contraction in this case).
      You can check more about this in here: https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/pronunciation-variations/

  • Ola, chamo-me Alina. Sou do Reino Unido,Londdres. Eu sou lituano ( ou lituanesa?🤔) Eu falo lituano, russo, inglês.

  • Olá! Meu nome é Maxim (ucranian Maksym, português.. Maxime??). Sou da Ucrânia, falo russo, ucraniano, inglês, e agora português um pouco.

    Por favor, pode adicionar Ucrânia para a lista acima?

    • Olá Maksym! A Ucrânia já está na lista dos países femininos! Estão ordenados por ordem alfabética, pelo que aparece em último lugar da lista.
      O seu nome é Maksym em qualquer língua e lugar do mundo, mas havendo um equivalente em português será: Máximo (masculino) ou Máxima (feminino). 🙂

  • Here in Madeira both women and men cling tenaciously to calling a female spouse, “mulher”. For example: “a minha mulher chama-se Maria”. With delicacy I have asked whether young people, perhaps at university, have begun using “esposa”. “No, not really”, I’ve been told, and occasionally the reply has been accompanied with a certain frostiness. What is a boy to do?

    • It’s not just in Madeira! In Portugal it’s more common to call a wife “mulher” and a husband “marido”. The well-known sentence “I now pronounce you: husband and wife” we say “Declaro-vos: marido e mulher”. Just as in English, the word “spouse” is more formal, and therefore less used. Unless in a more formal event or approach.

  • Ola! Chamo-me More. Eu sou da Venezuela e falo español. Por favor, pode adicionar Venezuela para a lista acima. Obrigada.

  • Olá! Chamo-me Howard (difícil para um português pronunciar!). Moro na Escócia, mas sou irlandês. Aprendo português com meu tutor.

  • Olà todos! Sou Ron e sou de California nos Estados Unidos. Falo inglês, francês, e holandês. Muito prazer!

    • Very well! Allow me to correct you: “Sou o Gerard Bos e sou da Holanda. Eu falo Holandês, Alemão, Inglês, Francês e um pouquinho de Português.” 🙂

      • I’m confused, why say ‘Sou o Gerard Bos…’ rather than ‘Sou Gerard Bos’?
        Oh and thank you for adding Inglaterra and the information on its gender!

        • In this case, you shouldn’t be thinking in English. Otherwise the “o” takes up a whole different weight! Saying “Sou o Gerard” it’s not the same as saying “I’m THE Gerard”. It’s just “I’m Gerard”! Without the definite article it’s more like a general concept, without identity. For example: “O teu nome é Luís? Eu também sou Luís!” (“Is your name Luís? I’m also Luís!”). I’m just pointing out that I have the same name.
          However, if I’m introducing myself I’d say “Sou o Luís” (“I’m Luís”), like THE Luís, this one person.

          • Ok that’s it, I’m never asking questions again because now I’m even more confused!!! 🙄🙁

          • Sorry for the confusion! I’ll try to explain in a different way. Basically he’s saying that definite articles (o, os, a, as) in Portuguese do not work the same as the word “the” in English. Even though those words translate to “the”, they are not used in the same way as the two languages have different grammatical patterns.

            Portuguese sometimes requires a definite article where English doesn’t, and vice versa. For example:

            Eu sou do Canadá – I am from Canada

            A diversidade enriquece a vida – Diversity enriches life

            O meu tio chega no domingo – My uncle arrives on Sunday

            De momento – At the moment

            If you’re referring to a more general concept, you usually won’t use a definite article. For example:

            Eu gosto de gatos – I like cats (You are saying you like cats in general, not a specific set of cats, so you don’t need the “o” here.)

            Other examples are less straightforward, so in some cases you just have to get used to the “Portuguese way” of saying things. When you want to say “I’m Gerard” or “I’m Maria”, you include the definite article before the name — “o” for males and “a” for females — “Sou o Gerard” / “Sou a Maria”.

            Feel free to reach out again if you have any other questions!

  • Olá, chamo-me Nicola e sou da Australia e Zimbabwe (originally). Por favour pode adicioner Zimbabwe á lista de países. Muito Obrigada !

  • Olá! Eu sou da Alemanha. Sou alemã. Falo alemão, espanhol e inglés. Estou a aprender português.
    O meu marido é do México. É mexicano. Fala espanhol, inglés e alemão. Está a aprender francês.

  • Olá! Sou dos Estados-Unidos, mas a minha etnia é coreana. Em inglês eu diria “I’m Korean-American” — existe uma forma habitual para referir a este tipo de identidade hifenizada em português? E também, poderiam adicionar Korea à lista, por favor? Muito obrigada 🙂

    • Olá! Para pessoas com origem na Coreia e nos Estados Unidos, podemos utilizar o termo ‘coreano-americano’ ou ‘coreano-americana’ 🙂

    • Curiously enough, we did miss Inglaterra! But I’ve just added it to the list of “neutral” countries. Even though it’s a very tricky one… Many people refer to Inglaterra as a “female” country (as they do in Brazilian Portuguese). However, it’s more common to refer to this lovely country as a “neutral” one in European Portuguese. 🙂

  • Olá! Chamo-me Tamara. Sou dos Estados Unidos. Sou lusa-americana! A minha mãe de Portugal (do Porto)!

  • Olá, chamo-me Sara e sou uruguaia.
    Tenho um pedido: poderiam fazer uma lista completa com os 194 países do mundo, por favor? Acho que é necessário para os estudantes de Português europeu saber como escrevê-los corretamente seguindo as regras gramaticais/da pronúncia europeia. Se cometi erros digam-me, por favor.
    Obrigada!

    • Olá Sara! Tomei a liberdade de editar o seu comentário corrigindo pequenos erros. Não eram nada de mais! Apenas pequenos pormenores. O “let me know”, por exemplo, em Português europeu não tem tradução direta para “deixem-me saber” neste contexto. Em vez disso, é mais comum dizer: “digam-me”.
      Quanto ao pedido, vamos tê-lo em consideração para futuras atualizações! 🙂

  • Olá! Chamo-me Krisztina e sou da Hungria, sou húngara. Estou muito grata pelo vosso trabalho, o vosso site é muito útil!

    Obrigada <3

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