Back All Learning NotesLearning Notes

Haver as “To Exist / To Have”

The first and easiest of the many meanings of haver is to exist. That is to say, the verb indicates that something “is” or “exists” somewhere. In English, the verb there to be would typically be used in these contexts. When used in this sense, the verb haver is impersonal and has very few usable forms. It can’t be conjugated like other verbs.
dois cadernos na tua secretária.There are two notebooks on your desk.
uma laranja podre no cesto da fruta.There is a rotten orange in the fruit basket.
cobertores no sótão.There are blankets in the attic.

Word Order

This use of haver is very easy to identify since sentences are usually structured as Haver + Object + Location of said object, as in the examples above.
The location is not always mentioned, however. In this context, haver sometimes implies that something is for sale or being offered.
peixe fresco.We have fresh fish.
limão, chocolate, morango e baunilha.We have lemon, chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla.
café e chá, sirvam-se.There is coffee and tea, help yourselves to some.
This usage of Haver + Object is especially common in businesses – everywhere from restaurants to ice cream parlours to supermarkets!

Haver in Brazilian Portuguese vs. European Portuguese

In Brazilian Portuguese, haver (in the context of to exist) is frequently replaced by the verb terto have . This substitution doesn’t usually happen in European Portuguese, except in certain contexts.
limão, chocolate, morango e baunilha.We have lemon, chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla.
But also…
Temos limão, chocolate, morango e baunilha.We have lemon, chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla.

Comments

  • Boa tarde! Em Lisboa aos supermercados e às lojas ouço, “Tem (algo)?” (Do you have …?). Neste contexto, poderia perguntar, “Há (algo)?” Ou teria isto um sentido de existência bastante geral?

    Obrigado!

    • Para mim, usar “Há…(aqui)?” em vez de “(você) Tem…?” só soa natural quando estamos a falar de forma mais geral. Por exemplo:
      “Há livros de matemática (aqui/nesta loja…)?” -> Gramaticamente correto e idiomático.
      “Há um livro de matemática chamado 1+1 (aqui/nesta loja…)?” -> Gramaticamente correto, mas soa estranho. Eu não usaria.

  • Desculpe, eu esqueci uma pergunta concernente o verbo “haver”. Se não importa, poderia explicar quando se usa “haja” (o tempo presente do conjuntivo/subjetivo)? Estou a ter dificuldades em compreendê-lo. Obrigado.

    E no geral, peço imensas desculpas pelas todas as minhas perguntas. Já não quero vocês incomodar.

    • Não precisas de pedir desculpa, estamos cá para isso! Ora, podemos usar o verbo haver no presente do conjuntivo (subjuntivo só no português do Brasil) em frases como as seguintes:
      – Sempre que haja uma oportunidade, eu vou visitar-te.
      – Mesmo que haja obstáculos, nós devemos tentar.
      Haja o que houver, eu estou aqui. (este é o início de uma música famosa da banda Madredeus 🙂 )

      • I was going to ask about the Madredeus song. It is one of my favorite tracks by them. DeepL translator says it means “come what may” or “by any means” but it seems it is really not translatable. And, for those who haven’t heard the song, it is a gorgeous example of Portuguese songcraft.

        • Haja o que Houver is indeed one of the best Portuguese songs ever made! I guess “Come what may” is a good translation. 🙂

Any questions? Post a comment below:

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *


The subject is used only for admin purposes and won't be displayed in your comment.

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.